Poročilo Varuha človekovih pravic Republike Slovenije o izvajanju nalog državnega preventivnega mehanizma za leto 2011 Izobraževanje je temeljna vrednota vsakega zavoda. Mladostniki se lahko vključijo v različne programe izobraževanja in poklicnega usposabljanja neposredno v zavodih ali vključeni v zunanje šole. Za sodelovanje zavodov s srednjimi šolami v izvajanju učnih procesov je DPM priporočil, da vsak zavod posebej sklene ustrezne pogodbe o sodelovanju in opredeli pravice in obveznosti zunanjih izvajalcev učno-vzgojnih programov. Na priporočilo DPM se je odzvalo MŠŠ. Pristojni so sporočili, da bo s srednjimi šolami, s katerimi vzgojni zavodi sodelujejo, v kratkem sklenjen dogovor o sodelovanju. V njem bodo opredeljene pravice in obveznosti srednjih šol. Na MŠŠ usklajujejo besedilo, da bo poenoteno. Mladostnike spodbujajo k dejavnemu preživljanju prostega časa. Vsi zavodi organizirajo številne prostočasne dejavnosti, v katerih mladostniki lahko odkrivajo in razvijajo svojo nadarjenost. Težave z nedovoljenimi mamili, alkoholom in kajenjem so v nekaterih zavodih bolj, v drugih pa manj navzoče. Različni so tudi načini obravnave teh pojavov, zato DPM zavodom predlaga razmislek o izdelavi enotne strategije obravnave zasvojenosti z nedovoljenimi mamili, alkoholom in kajenjem. DPM zavodom priporoča, da pripravijo sistematično izobraževanje mladostnikov o učinkih in posledicah uživanja nedovoljenih mamil, alkohola, kajenja ter o posledicah tveganih vedenj, preprečevanju okužb z virusi HIV, s hepatitisi in o odvajanju od škodljivih razvad oziroma zasvojenosti. Na priporočilo se je odzval le Mladinski dom Maribor. Strokovni delavci so izrazili dvom o tovrstnem sistematičnem izobraževanju mladostnikov, saj po njihovem mnenju ni vedno smiselno. Menijo, da bi lahko z njim dosegli tudi nasprotni učinek, saj lahko pretiran poudarek takšnih izobraževanj doseže učinek v smislu popularizacije neželenih pojavov. Zato težave in nevarnosti, ki pretijo mladostniku, učinkoviteje rešujejo individualno z vsakim posameznikom, saj se vsi mladostniki ne srečujejo z enakimi težavami. DPM je pri institucionalnih oblikah namestitve mladostnikov posebej pozoren na pravila bivanja v njih, na hišni red in morebitne sankcije, ki sledijo, če stanovalci institucij pravil ne upoštevajo. Glede na različnost vzgojnega ukrepanja po posameznih zavodih ob kršitvah pravil DPM predlaga, da socialno-pedagoška stroka prouči možnosti za pripravo smernic za izdelavo vzgojnega načrta (kot je predviden za osnovne šole v skladu z Zakonom o osnovni šoli) in iz njega izhajajoča pravila prebivanja v zavodu, vključno s pritožbenimi možnostmi in potmi. MŠŠ je podprlo to priporočilo DPM in zagotovilo, da bo pobudo za izdelavo smernic za vzgojni načrt v vzgojnih zavodih in s tem jasnejših pravil prebivanja v njih predstavilo na aktivu ravnateljev vzgojnih zavodov. DPM prav tako priporoča, da zavodi v letne delovne načrte na vzgojnem področju vključijo tudi poglavje o vrednotah, ki so jim zavezani vsi v zavodih. Stanovanjske skupine običajno prebivajo v individualnih hišah sredi urbanih naselij in navzven ne dajejo vtisa institucionalnega življenja. Glede na to, da so državne ustanove opremljene z napisi, DPM zavodom priporoča, da posamezne lokacije, v katerih zavodi opravljajo svojo dejavnost, opremijo z ustreznimi napisi. 62 Državni preventivni mehanizem v Republiki Sloveniji po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju Implementation of the Duties and Powers of the National Preventive Mechanism in 2011 Education is the basic value of each institution. The adolescents may be included in various programmes of educational and vocational training, either directly in the institutions or at external schools. As far as cooperation between the institutions and secondary schools in the education process is concerned, the DPM recommended that each institution concludes contracts on cooperation and defines the rights and obligations of contractors for external educational programmes. MŠŠ responded to the DPM recommendation. The responsible persons indicated that a cooperation agreement would soon be concluded with the secondary schools with which the juvenile institutions cooperate. The agreements will set out the rights and obligations of the secondary schools. MŠŠ is harmonising the text. The adolescents are encouraged to spend their leisure time actively; all institutions organise numerous free-time activities for them to discover and develop their talents. Problems with illicit drugs, alcohol and smoking are more present in some institutions than others. Institutions also deal differently with these issues; therefore, the DPM suggests that institutions consider preparing a uniform strategy for treating addiction to illicit drugs, alcohol and smoking. The DPM recommends that institutions prepare systematic education to teach adolescents about the effects and consequences of using illicit drugs, alcohol, smoking and on the consequences of risky behaviour, the prevention of HIV infections, hepatitis and the treatment of bad habits or addiction. Only Maribor Juvenile Home responded to the recommendation. The expert workers expressed doubts on such systematic education for the adolescents, as they believe this is not always reasonable. Their view is that this could lead to the opposite effect, since excessive emphasis of such education may popularise undesirable behaviour. Institutions solve problems and deal with the dangers threatening adolescents more efficiently on an individual basis, as not all adolescents encounter the same issues. In institutionalised forms of adolescent accommodation, the DPM pays particular attention to the rules related to residing there, the house rules and any sanctions arising from a failure to observe the rules. Considering the fact that each institution has distinct correctional measures for dealing with violations of the rules, the DPM suggests that experts in social and pedagogic science consider the options to prepare guidelines for an educational plan (as provided for primary schools in accordance with the Elementary School Act) and associated house rules in an institution, including possibilities and procedures for complaints. MŠŠ supported this DPM recommendation and assured they would present the initiative for preparing guidelines for the educational plan in juvenile institutions and clearer house rules at the working group of the juvenile institutions’ principals. The DPM also recommends that, in their annual operational plans in the educational field, the institutions include a chapter on the values to which all the people in the institutions are bound. The residential groups usually stay in individual houses in the middle of urban settlements and do not present an impression of institutionalised life to the outside world. Considering that state institutions are fitted with signboards, the DPM recommends the institutions fit each location where they perform their activity with corresponding signboards. National Preventive Mechanism in the Republic of Slovenia under the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 63