Ex-post control under equal rights in all areas of life. Equality without equal opportunities negates the different initial conditions of persons with disabilities, if the aim is to be able to design one’s life based on one’s own needs and desires. Equality without extensive accessibility only means opening doors without removing those barriers faced by persons with disabilities. Equality without inclusion means coercion to adapt to given structures, which leaves little space for individuality, identity and development. It is precisely because the principle of non-discrimination in UN CRPD is accompanied by the principles of inclusion, equal opportunities and accessibility that we must assume that factual and legal equality must be the aim of efforts contributing to humanization of cohabitation as a whole. For instance, the AOB does not find it acceptable to accommodate younger mentally ill individuals or persons with multiple disabilities in retirement or nursing homes. The AOB is also pleading in favour of a de-institutionalization of care homes to enable persons with disabilities to live together in smaller, self-determined units. Equal right to work and employment Unequal treatment of persons with disabilities at work is another area in need of reform. In Austria, around 20,000 persons with disabilities work in occupational therapies. This is not viewed as gainful employment but as a disability aid measure. Persons with disabilities are not paid a wage for their work in such workshops but primarily a very small amount of pocket money. This occurs even where the institutions generate profits. The AOB considers such low pay to create a risk of exploitation for persons with disabilities. It is obvious that work to be performed must be assessed objectively and that an equal amount must be paid for equal work. Another problem consists in the fact that these occupations do not entail a claim to a pension so that persons with disabilities are in a worse position even if they receive a disability pension or orphan pension. Relationship between disability and poverty In the reporting year, the AOB scored a success in its work towards equal treatment of persons with disabilities in needs-oriented minimum benefit. An amendment was planned in Lower Austria, which specified that the minimum standard for adults with disabilities entitled to family allowances would be reduced by at least 25 %. The AOB vehemently opposed this suggestion and pointed out that there is a direct relationship between poverty and disability. The increased family allowance for adults with disabilities, who are likely to remain unable to integrate themselves into a work process in the long term, aims at covering the additional costs in respect of disabilities. However, marginalization and poverty intensify if dedicated government contributions, such as the family allowance, give rise to advance cuts of benefits under the needs-based minimum benefit system for persons with disabilities. The urgent appeals of the AOB and other institutions against this planned law amendment were successful. These objections have been incorporated in the recently passed law. Discrimination against people with nonAustrian citizenship Individuals with non-Austrian citizenship are one group frequently affected by discrimination. Their problems in obtaining family allowances were presented in detail in the last report to the parliament. Many problems were solved; others - such 32