130 Stockholm 1992 • Increased efforts at treating the root causes of conflicts by applying all aspects of the human dimension of the CSCE and by involving non-governmental organizations and individual citizens more directly in the work of the CSCE; • Making all governments accountable to each other for their behaviour towards their citizens and towards neighbouring States and holding individuals personally accountable for war crimes and acts in violation of international humanitarian law; (…) Decisions (…) 2. The CSCE as a Community of Values The CSCE’s comprehensive concept of security relates peace, security and prosperity directly to the observance of human rights and democratic freedoms. Many of the present problems are linked to the failure to observe CSCE commitments and principles. The human dimension mechanisms of the CSCE are being used increasingly as a major foundation for the CSCE’s efforts at early warning and conflict prevention. Their further elaboration and utilization will strengthen considerably the CSCE’s ability to pursue the root causes of tensions and to refine its mechanisms for early warning on potentially dangerous situations. The Ministers welcomed the strengthened role of the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights and the appointment of the High Commissioner on National Minorities as especially useful steps towards integrating the human dimension more fully into the political consultations and concerted action of the participating States (…) They expressed the hope that newly-admitted participating States would make particular use of the opportunities provided by these institutions. Compliance with CSCE commitments is of fundamental importance. Monitoring of compliance provides governments of participating States with crucial information on which they can formulate policy (…) The Ministers expressed their profound concern at the recent manifestations of aggressive nationalism, xenophobia, anti-semitism, racism and other violations of human rights. Violations of international humanitarian law and CSCE principles and commitments, such as “ethnic cleansing”, or mass deportation, endangered the maintenance of peace, security and democracy and will not be tolerated. They were convinced that increased attention should be paid by the CSCE, and in particular by the Committee of Senior Officials and the High Commissioner on National Minorities, to these threats to human rights and fundamental freedoms. The CSO will report on this issue to the Council of Ministers at its next Meeting, when the Council will consider developments. The Ministers also stressed the important role the Human Dimension of the CSCE should play in longer-term conflict prevention. They underlined the need for positive action aimed at fostering understanding, tolerance and national and local preventive action. They emphasized