Page PART 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 PART 2.1 THE PRIMACY OF HUMAN RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 PRINCIPLE 1 AND RELATED GUIDELINES: HUMAN RIGHTS OF TRAFFICKED PERSONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1. Purpose and context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2. Key human rights involved in trafficking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3. Applicability of human rights to non-citizens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4. Human rights applicable to special groups of trafficked persons . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.1. Human rights of women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.2. Human rights of children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.3. Human rights of migrants and migrant workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.4. Human rights of refugees, asylum-seekers and internally displaced persons . 1.4.5. Human rights of persons with disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5. The critical importance of rapid and accurate victim identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRINCIPLE 2 AND RELATED GUIDELINES: RESPONSIBILITY OF STATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1. Purpose and context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2. Determining legal responsibility for trafficking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3. The due diligence standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4. Summary of the key principles of State responsibility relevant to trafficking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRINCIPLE 3 AND RELATED GUIDELINES: ANTI-TRAFFICKING MEASURES NOT TO AFFECT ESTABLISHED RIGHTS ADVERSELY . . 51 51 52 57 60 61 64 67 69 71 73 75 75 75 77 81 83 83 85 86 88 93 PART 2.2 PREVENTION OF TRAFFICKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 3.1. Purpose and context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2. Anti-trafficking measures and the prohibition on discrimination including gender-based discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3. Anti-trafficking measures and the right of freedom of movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4. Anti-trafficking measures, refugee status and the principle of non-refoulement . . . . . . . . 3.5. Monitoring the impact of anti-trafficking measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRINCIPLE 4 AND RELATED GUIDELINES: PREVENTION THROUGH ADDRESSING DEMAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1. Purpose and context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2. An obligation to address demand? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 97 97 98

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