4 PRINCIPLE 4 AND RELATED GUIDELINES: PREVENTION THROUGH ADDRESSING DEMAND168 Strategies aimed at trafficking shall address demand as a root cause of trafficking.168 4.1. PURPOSE AND CONTEXT Trafficking feeds into a global market that seeks cheap, unregulated and exploitable labour and the goods and services that such labour can produce – labour that can be supplied most profitably through traffickers. Sex tourism (including child sex tourism), the recruitment of domestic labour from developing countries, Internet pornography, and organized marriages between women from developing countries and foreign nationals are examples of new forms of actual or potential exploitation made possible through trafficking. It is this realization that has prompted calls for States and others to regard demand as part of the problem of trafficking and to acknowledge demand reduction as an important prevention strategy. Demand, in this context, generally refers to two quite different things: employer demand for cheap and exploitable labour; and consumer demand This section draws on a more detailed discussion of the obligation to address demand in Gallagher, International Law of Human Trafficking, chap. 8. 168 for the goods or services produced or provided by trafficked persons.169 Demand may also be generated by exploiters and others involved in the trafficking process, such as recruiters, brokers and transporters, who rely on trafficking and victims of trafficking to generate income.170 While accepting the need to address demand, it is important to acknowledge the limits of a term that is not properly defined, is under-researched and is still subject to debate and confusion. More generally, the use of the economic terminology of “supply and demand” in the trafficking context is not without problems and potential pitfalls. Trafficking networks and flows are still poorly understood, and the extent to which they mirror more traditional economic exchanges is not yet completely clear. In addition, there is no international consensus on the central question behind any economic analysis of trafficking: how, if at all, “the various areas of social and economic life within which trafficking and related Bridget Anderson and Julia O’Connell-Davidson, Trafficking: A Demand-led Problem? A Multi-country Pilot Study (Save the Children, 2002), pp. 18 and 54. See also International Labour Organization, The Mekong Challenge – Human Trafficking: Redefining Demand (2005). 169 International Labour Organization, The Mekong Challenge…, p. 4. 170 COMMENTARY 97