those responsible for the design of reparations programmes to articulate the principles or reasons underlying the selection of “repairable violations” may have a positive impact from the standpoint of gender, by preventing gratuitous exclusions. • More complex programmes, i.e., programmes that distribute a greater variety of distinct benefits, such as educational support, health services, truth-telling and other symbolic measures, in addition to material compensation, open possibilities for addressing the needs of female beneficiaries. These possibilities are not self-actualizing. Each type of benefit requires gender-sensitive design and implementation; for instance, truth-telling and memorialization can exclude all but the memories of largely male ex-combatants. Health services can be designed and implemented in ways that serve mainly the medical needs of male patients. But the different elements of a complex reparations programme can also be designed and implemented with an eye to female beneficiaries. • Where the level of material compensation is set and how the compensation is distributed have a significant gender impact. All other things being equal, modes of distribution that ensure that women not only access, but also retain control over, the benefits are preferable. 37