CRPD/C/GC/3 reporting violence, such as disbelief and dismissal by the police, prosecutors and courts. Likewise, harmful practices are strongly connected to and reinforce socially constructed gender roles and power relations that can reflect negative perceptions of, or discriminatory beliefs regarding, women with disabilities, such as the belief that men with HIV/AIDS can be cured by engaging in sexual intercourse with women with disabilities. 29 The lack of awareness, training and policies to prevent harmful stereotyping of women with disabilities by public officials, be they teachers, health service providers, police officers, prosecutors or judges, and by the public at large can often lead to the violation of rights. 18. Women with disabilities are subject to multiple discrimination not only in the public realm, but also in the private sphere, for example, within the family or in relation to private social service providers. International human rights law has long acknowledged State party responsibility for discrimination perpetrated by private, non-State actors. 30 States parties must adopt legal provisions and procedures that explicitly recognize multiple discrimination to ensure complaints made on the basis of more than one ground of discrimination are considered in determining both liability and remedies. Article 6 (2) 19. Article 6 (2) addresses the development, advancement and empowerment of women. It assumes that the rights enshrined in the Convention can be guaranteed to women if States parties strive to achieve and promote these rights using the appropriate means and in all of the areas addressed by the Convention. 20. In line with the Convention, States parties must take “all appropriate measures” to ensure and promote the full realization of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all persons with disabilities. Measures can be of a legislative, educational, administrative, cultural, political, linguistic or other nature. Measures are appropriate if they respect the principles of the Convention, including the goal of guaranteeing to women with disabilities the exercise and enjoyment of the human rights and fundamental freedoms set out in the Convention. Measures may be temporary or long-lasting and should overcome de jure and de facto inequality. While temporary special measures such as quotas might be necessary to overcome structural, or systemic, multiple discrimination, long-lasting measures such as reforming laws and policies to ensure the equal participation of women with disabilities in all areas of life are essential prerequisites for achieving substantive equality for women with disabilities. 21. All measures must ensure the full development, advancement and empowerment of women with disabilities. Although development relates to economic growth and the eradication of poverty, it is not limited to those areas. While gender- and disability-sensitive development measures in the areas of education, employment, income-generation and combating violence, among others, may be appropriate to ensure the full economic empowerment of women with disabilities, additional measures are necessary with regard to health and participation in politics, culture and sports. 22. In order to advance and empower women with disabilities, measures must go beyond the goal of development and also aim at improving the situation of women with 29 30 6 See A/HRC/20/5 and Corr.1, para. 24. See Human Rights Committee, general comments No. 18 (1989) on non-discrimination, para. 9, and No. 28 (2000) on the equality of rights between men and women, para. 31; Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, general comment No. 20, para. 11; Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, general recommendation No. 28, para. 9; and Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, general comment No. 25 (2000) on gender-related dimensions of racial discrimination, paras. 1 and 2.