10 Health While the Ministry of Health has been providing medicine for the prisons, the supplies are inadequate except for Bamako Central prison which receives the medecine needed to treat the detainees. Sick prisoners are brought to Bamako prison where there is a clinic, and in serious cases they are sent to hospital. The judiciary and local administration supplement the allocation from the Ministry of Health. Local churches and religious organisations also offer assistance. Training And Activities In Prison Each prison is engaged in some agricultural activity but except for 4 prison farms, it is not well organised. Prisons farms are organised as open establishment with minimum security measures. Inmates at the farms have background in agriculture. Additionally, those who are about to complete their sentence are sent there. Started 4 years ago, prison farms have not shown encouraging results in terms of out put and escape. With an eye on improvement, greater care was being taken in the selection of the inmates. Registrars (those in charge of prisons) were also being trained. There is the interesting case of two prisoners sentenced to long terms of imprisonment who agreed to work in a prison farm and were living with their respective families. They cultivate their own plot part of the time, and work on the prison farm the rest of their working time. They are on the Konsegela and Baguineda prison farms. Workshops Before 1991 all prisons were supplied with sewing machines, and most prisons had workshops where inmates were trained. Bamako prison had the most advanced workshop, but they were either destroyed or rendered inoperative in two uprisings in 1991 and 1992. State of buildings The Tuareg rebellion and resultant fighting destroyed some prisons in the northern part of Mali and generally delayed development programmes. However, since 1991 the Ministry of Justice has been allocated money for the building of 2 to 3 new prisons a year each with a capacity for 40 - 50 inmates. 10 prisons have been built since 1991. These are at Bla, Koulikoro, Kenielba, 11 Banamba, Kati, Diema, Bougoni, Kangaba and Diola. The last one is still under construction, and it is air-conditioned. Rehabilitation of prisons also commenced in 1991. Multiplicity of Authority No one ministry or authority controls prisons and the prison staff. Prison cells are under Territorial Administration while the Gendarmerie is under the Ministry of Defence and prisons under the Ministry of Justice. Prison guards are from the Gendarmerie and Registrars or Directors are selected from the Civil Service. Gender and Children Prisons do not have separate parts or wings for men and women. By law women with children under 6 months should not be sent to prison. The practice, however, is different. In Bamako prison mothers with children are kept in a separate wing. Juveniles are detained in most prisons with adults. The only institution providing special care is Bone rehabilitation centre, where also a new prison is being built for women and juveniles. In the new prisons women, men, juveniles, remand and convicts are kept in separate wings. Personnel Lack of training of Registrars and prison staff was acknowledged. Efforts were, however, being made to address the problem. 13 people were undergoing a 6 months course in Dakar so that they could replace untrained registrars. 466 former guards from the National Guards Body have also been recruited by DNAPES and given a one month course at the Institut National de Formation Judiciaire under the supervision of the Deputy Director of Prisons for the purpose of their replacing the guards from the National Guards Body. Unlike the guards currently at post, the new recruits would be under the direct authority of DNAPES. The existing situation of personnel in prison answering to different authorities created problems in efficiency and discipline. Remand It is a serious problem. The estimate is that 80% of the inmates in Bamako central prison are on remand, and this figure could be as high as 90% in other prisons. The remand period could last up to 6 years. Examining magistrates