CAT/C/NZL/CO/6 The State party should: (a) Use solitary confinement and seclusion as measures of last resort, for as short a time as possible, under strict supervision and with the possibility of judicial review; (b) Prohibit the solitary confinement and seclusion of juveniles, persons with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities, pregnant women, women with infants and breastfeeding mothers, in prison and in all health-care institutions, both public and private; (c) Conduct prompt, impartial and thorough investigations into all allegations of ill-treatment in prisons and health-care institutions, both public and private; prosecute persons suspected of ill-treatment and, if they are found guilty, ensure that they are punished according to the gravity of their acts; and provide effective remedies and redress to the victims; (d) Compile and regularly publish comprehensive and disaggregated data on solitary confinement and seclusion. Juvenile justice 16. Bearing in mind its previous concluding observations (see CAT/C/NZL/CO/5, para. 8), the Committee remains concerned at the gaps in the protection of juveniles in the State party’s criminal justice system (arts. 11 and 16). The State party should take the measures necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the justice system in compliance with international standards. In particular, the State party should: (a) Ensure full implementation of the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice and the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency; (b) Ensure that juvenile detainees and prisoners under 18 are held separately from adults, in line with rules 13.4 and 26.3 of the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice and rules 17, 28 and 29 of the United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty; (c) Resort to alternatives to incarceration, taking into account the provisions of the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures and the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice. Use of electrical-discharge weapons (tasers) 17. While welcoming the establishment of the Police and Community Tactical Options Reference Group to liaise on issues relating to the use of force by the police and noting the information provided by the delegation that the use of electrical-discharge weapons is tightly regulated and controlled in each jurisdiction and is subjected to oversight and scrutiny processes, the Committee is concerned at reports of cases of inappropriate or excessive use of such weapons (arts. 2, 12-14 and 16). The State party should ensure that electrical-discharge weapons are used exclusively in extreme and limited situations, where there is a real and immediate threat to life or risk of serious injury, as a substitute for lethal weapons and by trained law enforcement personnel only. The State party should revise the regulations governing the use of such weapons with a view to establishing a high threshold for their use and expressly prohibit their use on children and pregnant women. The Committee is of the view that electrical-discharge weapons should not form part of the equipment of 6