Detention: extent and concerns, including radicalisation Greece, Italy and Portugal all have around 110 persons per 100 places. Apart from concerns about the effect of detention conditions on individuals and about insufficient preparations for peoples’ return to society after detention, the cost of detention should be kept in mind. Figure 7 shows the average cost of detention per day and detainee in select EU Member States (regarding which data are available) in relation to the EU average. While the ‘costs of living’ and the level of GDP varies significantly across the EU, Figure 7 still reveals the marked difference between Member States such as Croatia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland and Romania spending less than € 30 per day and detainee, and Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Nether­ lands, and Sweden spending well above € 100. The expense is almost 50 times higher in Sweden than in Croatia. EU instruments regulating cross-border transfers of suspects, accused and sentenced persons relate mostly to people who are from another EU Member State. Figure 8 shows the number of persons detained pre- or post-trial in EU Member States other than their own. At the time of data collection, these totalled more than 33,000. Consequently, the number of persons potentially affected by the three Framework Decisions across the EU is sizeable – and this calculation only considers those detained, excluding suspects, accused or sentenced persons who are not in detention. While some Member States have very few detainees from other EU Member States – such as Latvia (12), Estonia (17), and Croatia (33) – some have significant numbers, such as Germany (7,413), Spain (4,618), and a part of the United Kingdom (4,252) (England and Wales). Figure 8: Number of detainees (pre- and post-trial) who are from another EU Member State, by EU Member State UK (ENG & WLS) UK (NIR) UK (SCT) SK SI SE RO PT PL NL MT LV LU LT IT IE HU HR FR FI ES EL EE DK DE CZ CY BE AT 4,252 75 159 77 34 456 71 546 227 781 103 12 58.3 46 33 3,828 323 263 3,836 256 17 302 110 0 4,618 1,027 7,413 793 1,652 1,941 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 Note: Data for DE, EL and HU are from Space 1, 2012; no data are available for BG. Information for UK specified separately for each of its three main regions. Source: Council of Europe, SPACE I, 2014, Table 4 57