33 113 inhabitants. In February 2011, Suriname had a prison population of 1,010, of whom 114 approximately 50% were in pretrial detention. 76. For the other English-speaking Caribbean OAS member States, from which no direct information has been received, the International Centre for Prison 115 Studies at the University of Essex offers the following figures: Antigua and Barbuda Barbados Belize Dominica Grenada Guyana Jamaica Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Lucia Trinidad and Tobago D. 361 / December 2012 1054 / December 12, 2012 1562 / December 31, 2012 275 / December 31, 2012 441 / 2012 1962 / October 31, 2011 4500 / December 2011 330 / August 26, 2013 410 / 2012 Percentage of inmates in pretrial detention / Date of information 54.8% / December 2012 37.2% / August 31, 2009 34% / December 31, 2012 25.5% / December 31, 2012 52.3% / February 13, 2012 39% / October 31, 2011 11.4% / 2009 29.7% / August 26, 2013 29.4% / December 2012 568 / November 2012 3800 / 2012 40.8% / November 2012 55.3% / 2012 Total prison population / Date of information State Reasons for the excessive use of pretrial detention 77. As already stated, over recent years the IACHR has identified the following factors among the reasons for the high rates of people held in pretrial detention in the region: judicial delays and backlog; the lack of operational and technical capacity of police forces and investigation services; the lack of operational capacity, independence, and resources among public defense offices; shortcomings in access to public defense services; legislation that encourages the use of pretrial detention; the absence of mechanisms for implementing other kinds of precautionary measures; the inversion of the burden of proof for establishing that pretrial detention is necessary; corruption; the widespread use of this measure in cases involving minor offenses; and extreme difficulties in revoking it. 113 IACHR, Presentations from the Second Regional Seminar on Best Prison Practices, Jamaica, December 2011, Presentation by Dr. Elliston Rahming, Superintendent of Prison, Rehabilitation of Inmates: A National Imperative, pp. 5 and 6. 114 IACHR, Report on the Human Rights of Persons Deprived of Liberty in the Americas, para. 450. Also: Response received through Note No. WASH/073/11/SM/jm from the Permanent Mission of Suriname to the OAS, received February 23, 2011 (to the questionnaire sent out for the Report on the Human Rights of Persons Deprived of Liberty in the Americas). 115 International Centre for http://www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/. Prison Studies, World Prison Brief: