VI. Guaranteeing effectiveness 6.0.1 Investigative systems should be provided with adequate financial and technical resources and appropriately trained legal, medical and other specialists. The need for investigative systems to be adequately funded and resourced is stressed both in the Istanbul Protocol and in the CEHRC’s Opinion192. The Protocol emphasises that: “The persons conducting the investigation must have at their disposal all the necessary budgetary and technical resources for effective investigation.”193 Members of investigation teams and the experts who assist them must be adequately trained and be proficient in their respective fields. The Istanbul Protocol therefore points to the need for “specific essential training”.194 The CPT has also stressed the importance of adequate training and expertise in its visit reports: “The CPT calls upon the Russian authorities to provide the Offices of the Prosecutor of the Chechen Republic and the Military Prosecutor of the Allied Group of Forces for the conduct of “anti-terrorist operations” in the North Caucasian region with the staff, resources and facilities necessary for the effective investigation of cases involving allegations of ill-treatment, illegal detention and disappearances.  In this connection, the need to substantially reinforce the forensic medical services in the Chechen Republic must be highlighted. At the present time they are not able to provide the support required by the criminal justice system to deal with the problems referred to above. The Forensic Medical Bureau of the Chechen Republic faces enormous limitations in terms of resources, equipment and staff, and there are still no possibilities to perform full autopsies on the territory of the Republic. The CPT calls upon the Russian authorities to take the necessary steps, as a matter of priority, to enable the Forensic Medical Bureau of the Chechen Republic to function adequately.”195 Meanwhile, the Court has pointed to the importance of appropriate training of the specialists involved in investigations, such as forensic doctors.196 192. CEHRC’s Opinion, para. 28. 193. Istanbul Protocol, para. 80. 194. Ibid, paras. 89, 90, 131, 162, 305. 195. Public statement concerning the Chechen Republic of the Russian Federation of 10 July 2003. 196. See Barabanshchikov v. Russia, Judgment of 8 January 2009, application no. 36220/02, para. 59. Effective investigation of ill-treatment – Guidelines ► Page 64