CAT/OP/MNG/1 scrutiny or censorship, to independent, impartial and effective bodies with the power to investigate and trigger appropriate protective and remedial action. 32. The Subcommittee further recommends that the State party ensure that those submitting such complaints are not subjected to any form of sanction, including physical, disciplinary or administrative reprisals. IV. Torture and ill-treatment A. Police 33. The Subcommittee received allegations from numerous sources of instances of torture and ill-treatment being inflicted during the initial phase of arrest and investigation by police, especially in remote and in small police stations. The credibility of some of those allegations were supported by the Subcommittee’s own observations during their visits to certain places of detention. 34. The purpose of such ill-treatment appears to include, among other things, obtaining confessions and locating items of evidence, and includes beatings and, less frequently, the use of electroshocks. Forms of improper psychological pressure, which can amount to forms of torture or ill-treatment, are also used during initial interrogations, including threats to be sent to other police stations for the purposes of ill-treatment, threats against family members or making access to family members conditional upon a detainee confessing or providing other information. 35. Although most of the police stations visited now have rooms equipped with closedcircuit television (CCTV) or video- and audio-recording equipment, it is evident that initial questioning, during which ill-treatment is most likely to occur, tends to take place in the administrative offices of the police interrogators. The Subcommittee, recalling the recommendations of the Committee against Torture (CAT/C/MNG/CO/2, para. 16 (c)), considers that the failure to use the properly equipped interrogation rooms for all questioning of suspects significantly increases the risk of ill-treatment. B. Pretrial detention 36. The Subcommittee received allegations of ill-treatment in pretrial detention facilities, including beatings with batons and with belts occurring in secluded areas of the pretrial detention facility, such as in pretrial detention facility No. 461 or the pretrial detention facility in Tuv, which are not covered by CCTV equipment, or at times when the detainee may be temporarily outside the detention facility. C. Prisons 37. The Subcommittee did not receive any allegations from detainees of direct physical or psychological ill-treatment in the prisons it visited. 38. The Subcommittee recommends that: (a) Training programmes for police, investigators and prison staff emphasize the absolute prohibition of torture and ill-treatment; (b) Police, investigators and prison staff be made aware that those responsible for the infliction of any acts of torture, including psychological torture in the form of threats, and complicity or participation in acts of torture, will be punished, with penalties which reflect the grave nature of such acts; (c) The confession-based approach to investigation and prosecution be replaced by an evidence-based approach; 8