specified migration route. The second phase of the project was planned to be implemented in 2014, including a desk research focusing on migration and criminal justice responses in three selected countries (one country of origin, one transit and one destination country) along the specified route. On 11-13 November, the TNTD/SPMU represented the OSCE as an observer in the second session of the UNODC Working Group on Smuggling Migrants in Vienna. The Working Group adopted recommendations on general issues, and on good practices in special investigative techniques, the establishment of multi-agency centres and informal crossborder co-operation and information-sharing. On 14-15 November, the TNTD/SPMU was invited to participate in the “2nd INTERPOL Global Trafficking in Human Beings Conference” in Lyon, France. The gathering aimed to enhance international police co-operation, support member countries in examining new trends within THB, contribute to the development of new and existing methods of investigating THB as well as develop a victim-centred approach. The main target group of the conference was senior law enforcement personnel directly involved in anti-trafficking activities, including investigators, prosecutors and communicators, but also international organizations and NGOs. The topics ‘trafficking in human beings for the purpose of organ removal’ and ‘investigating THB on the Internet’ were discussed. From 2-6 December, the TNTD/SPMU facilitated a study trip for Ukrainian law enforcement representatives to Sweden to learn about Sweden’s good practice in establishing and maintaining functional criminal justice inter-agency co-operation in the area of combating human trafficking. The study visit was co-ordinated through the Swedish delegation. The project was funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and also included the development of a handbook on the enhancement of criminal justice response to trafficking in persons in Ukraine with the assistance of the OSCE Project Coordinator in Ukraine, to be finalized in 2014. Drug Trafficking On 23-24 April, the TNTD/SPMU gave a key-note speech at the UNODC Seminar “Challenges in Addressing Illicit Drug Problems in the Central Asian Region in the Context of Withdrawal of the International Forces from Afghanistan in 2014” in Dushanbe. The main discussions were devoted to security and geopolitical dynamics in the region before and after 2014, including trends in illicit drug production and trafficking and the economic implications. On 5-7 June, the TNTD/SPMU participated in the “30th International Drug Enforcement Conference” in Moscow, organized jointly by the Russian Federal Drug Control Agency and the US Drug Enforcement Administration. The purpose of this conference was to discuss the development of new, efficient mechanisms to combat the complex threats caused by illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs. The International Anti-Drug Forum addressed the critical issues in combating transnational drug crime, as well as initiatives aimed at neutralizing global centres of production and the transit of drugs. Participants presented and discussed mechanisms of effective co-operation between police and drug enforcement agencies in the area of combating illicit drugs. The TNTD/SPMU presented the OSCE counter-drug activities. On 20-21 June and 19-20 November, the TNTD/SPMU organized bilateral meetings of Afghan Law Enforcement officials with their counterparts in Tashkent and Dushanbe on the topic of ‘Combating Illicit Drugs’. Participants shared operational practices on drug enforcement tactics inside the country; learned about the practical use of new tools, mechanisms and realistic case-management for the implementation processes, and identified new ways of co-operation. 32