Criminal Investigations/Criminal Intelligence From 18-22 March, the DSPS held an in-house training course aimed at instructing senior KP officers in their role as senior investigators in major cases. 15 middle ranking officers from KP and a prosecutor were trained on issues such as intelligence; risk management; leadership; investigation and decision making. This training incorporated a two-day scenariobased exercise where trainees were able to demonstrate what they had learned. From 20-24 May, the DSPS organized a training on “Countering Smuggling of Tobacco, Alcohol and Weapons”. The training enrolled 16 mid-level police and customs officers whose primary responsibility involves investigating organized crime activities related to smuggling of these commodities. The aim of this course was to enhance proactive and investigative capacities within KP and Customs to effectively carry out organized crime investigations and operational duties to combat such illegal activities. From 17-21 June, the DSPS delivered training on “Risks, Motives and Psychological Support for Informants” to 14 officers from various directorates of KP. The course further enhanced the capacities of KP officers to effectively handle informants in a legitimate and ethical way of enforcing the law. Participants were also trained on minimising the risks associated with utilizing a gang member as an informant, and they learned how to approach, establish rapport, recruit, handle, control, motivate and reward the informant. Particular attention was paid to ethics, human rights perspective, as well as to the physical safety of the informant and his/her family during investigations. On 17 June, the DSPS organized a one-day “Major Incident Management” exercise for 20 KP officers covering the ranks of lieutenant colonel, captain, lieutenant and sergeant. The exercise was based on a policing operation scenario where the focus was placed on the full understanding of the officers’ role, responsibilities and the priorities of the operation, whilst taking into account the needs of other stakeholders. On 19 June, the DSPS organized a tabletop exercise on “Combating Infringements of Intellectual Property Rights in Kosovo”, which was a follow-up to a roundtable held in November 2012. The activity gathered the representatives of all relevant law enforcement institutions, the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX) and the Pharmaceutical Company SANOFI. The exercise involved a scenario where a large consignment of counterfeit goods entered Kosovo and participants were asked to initiate investigation and intelligence gathering that should lead to seizures and arrests. It also identified public health issues that the participants addressed effectively, and tested the implementation of the existing legislation, inter-agency co-operation and information sharing. The exercise concluded with a number of findings and recommendations to address gaps and shortcomings. On 3 July, the DSPS facilitated another tabletop exercise on “Threats to Life” for 14 KP officers covering the ranks of lieutenant and above. This practical exercise was based on a real life scenario aimed at enhancing the responding capacities of KP in relation to emergency events with immediate threats to life. As the intelligence was received, participants had to discuss, agree on and implement a joint response to the event containing threats to life. The successful implementation of the Intelligence-led policing14 (ILP) concept is regarded as one of the highest priorities within the OMiK, EULEX, the EU Office in Kosovo, the MoIA and KP. In order to bridge the criminal intelligence and community safety aspects of preventing and fighting crimes, the DSPS participated and contributed in the workshop for finalizing the 14 56 Intelligence-led policing is a policing model which is “a strategic, future-oriented and targeted approach to crime control, focusing upon the identification, analysis and management of persisting and developing problems or risks”.