representatives from these schools to discuss the challenges faced in the performance of their duties and how to overcome these challenges. 71.One of the main results of this encounter was the establishment of a community of School managers, made operational through the DEPEN.net virtual discussion platform. The Second Network Encounter was held on 25-27 July 2012. 72.Another major result of the implementation of the development and qualification policy was the establishment of a Penitentiary Management Schools network, in conformity with Target 13 of the Penitentiary System’s Master Plan. 73.Brazil is also continuously investing on the qualification of public security professionals, as the continued education of these professionals is a major tool toward the achievement of public security focused on the concepts of human rights and citizenship. 74.In this connection, the Brazilian Government engages itself directly in various activities aimed at qualification in respect of human rights, as well as financing training programmes developed by the States and the Federal District, in conformity with the National Curriculum Matrix. 75.Some of the initiatives carried out directly by the Federal Government include the following: (a) The National Network of Higher Studies in Public Security, in partnership with universities, which has been offering post-graduation programmes for public security professionals since 2008; (b) Distance Education Network, which includes courses on human rights and citizenship, trafficking in persons, and moderate use of force; since then more than 330,000 public security professionals and penitentiary officers have already taken the courses. 76.Partnerships with states and the Federal District are also established under agreements through invitation for bidding, which selects the best proposals in the areas specified. The call for biddings pertaining to education is imbued with the concern for educating security professionals in human rights. 77.Moreover, an effort is made to integrate professors of public security schools into the university environment, so that a greater number of them may have access to high quality education that will positively reflect on their performance. To this effect, courses for these professors are offered in the following areas, among others: ombudsman services and control of police activity; differentiated use of force; forensic ballistics; forensic DNA; legal medicine and lab tests; fingerprinting; criminal analysis; georeferencing; police intelligence; and human rights. 78.In 2010 the Ministry of Justice issued a “Cartilha de Atuação Policial na Proteção dos Direitos Humanos de Pessoas em Situação de Vulnerabilidade” [Primer on Police Action to Protect the Human Rights of Persons in a Vulnerability Situation]. It provides guidance on procedures for transporting people under arrest to Police Precincts, such as informing prisoners of their rights. It also discusses how to address racial, color, or gender prejudice, as well as presenting legal principles and procedures for police approach, procedures for handling cases of racism and combating prejudice in public security institutions, in addition to current legislation on these issues. (f)Transparence and the information access law 79.The Information Access Law (Law 12527 of 18 November 2011), which entered into force on 16 May 2012, establishes the transparence limits and criteria of access to information under public administration custody, thereby reinforcing a State policy, which encompasses public agencies that form part of the direct administration by the Executive and the Legislative, including the Government Accounting Offices, the Judiciary and the Public Prosecutor’s Office,as well as autonomous government agencies, public enterprises, mixed economy corporations, and other entities directly or indirectly controlled by the Federal Government, the states, the Federal District and the Municipalities. 80.The publicizing of revenue, expenditures, contract outlays, income of public servants, and other kinds of information through consultation is a valuable tool for the population to monitor and evaluate government actions and the application of public funds. Especially as regards prison policy, the Brazilian State’s transparence mechanisms, coupled with participative management, hinders corruption and makes the prison system more efficient. (g)Social participation and control 81.Regarding the penitentiary policy, social participation and control are encouraged through the strengthening of the Community Councils, the State Penitentiary Councils, and other civil society organizations willing to engage in a dialogue between civil society and the prison system management. 82.Target 2 of the Penitentiary System’s Master Plan calls for incentive to the establishment and maintenance of Community Councils. These Councils are criminal execution agencies that function through social participation with the objective of safeguarding the rights of inmates and inspecting the local application of penitentiary policies. They also seek to approximate society to the prison system, to give visibility to the fact that sentences are being served, and to encourage reflection on the effects of incarceration and on the relations generated by crime. 83.In 2012 DEPEN is supporting five qualification and coordination events in the states and will hold the First National Encounter of Community Councils in October, in Brasilia. The purpose is to prepare civil society representatives to act critically upon criminal and penitentiary policy, detecting problems and proposing solutions and recommendations to penitentiary managers and others involved in criminal justice system. In the Northern region, the event was held in July, in the state of Rondonia; in the Southern region, a course will be offered in the state of Santa Catarina, in August; and in the Northeast, the event will be held in the state of Ceará, in November. Regarding events in other regions, negotiations are under way. On July 2012, a book on Fundaments and Analyses of Community Councils was published to provide inputs for these Councils’ action. C.Education