Izvajanje nalog in pooblastil državnega preventivnega mehanizma od začetka delovanja v letu 2008 do leta 2014
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IZVAJANJE NALOG IN POOBLASTIL DRŽAVNEGA
PREVENTIVNEGA MEHANIZMA Od začetka delovanja
v letu 2008 do leta 2014
IMPLEMENTATION OF DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE NATIONAL
PREVENTIVE MECHANISM Since its beginning
in 2008 and up to 2014
Splošno
General
Z Zakonom o ratifikaciji Opcijskega protokola h Konvenciji proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim
ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju1 so bile v letu 2006 Varuhu človekovih pravic RS (Varuh) zaupane
tudi pomembne naloge in pooblastila državnega preventivnega mehanizma (DPM). Generalna
skupščina Organizacije združenih narodov je Opcijski protokol h Konvenciji proti mučenju in drugim
krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju (Opcijski protokol) sicer sprejela 18. 12. 2002,
za podpisovanje in ratifikacijo pa je na voljo od 4. 2. 2003. Slovenija je Opcijski protokol ratificirala 29. 6.
2006, sama uveljavitev Opcijskega protokola pa je bila povezana z dvajseto ratifikacijo, ki je nastopila 22.
6. 2006. V Sloveniji je zakon o njegovi ratifikaciji nato začel veljati 1. 1. 2007.
In 2006 in accordance with the Act ratifying the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and
other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment,1 the Human Rights Ombudsman assumed
important duties and powers of the National Preventive Mechanism (NPM). The General Assembly of
the United Nations adopted the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel,
Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Optional Protocol) on 18 December 2002. Its signing
and ratification have been possible since 4 February 2003. Slovenia ratified the Optional Protocol on 29
June 2006, and its entry into force was connected to its twentieth ratification, which entered into force
on 22 June 2006. The Act on its ratification entered into force in Slovenia on 1 January 2007
Prepričani smo, da je bil eden od razlogov za to, da so bile Varuhu zaupane dodatne naloge in
pooblastila DPM, poudarjena skrb, ki jo Varuh vseskozi namenja obravnavi pobud zaprtih oseb, pa tudi
njegova preventivna vloga na tem področju, in sicer z izoblikovanim in ustaljenim načinom delovanja
pri obiskovanju krajev, kjer so osebe, ki jim je bila odvzeta prostost. Poleg tega je bila pri tem gotovo
pomembna tudi njegova neodvisnost (funkcionalna, osebna in finančna), ki je zagotovljena z Ustavo RS
in Zakonom o varuhu človekovih pravic. Že v Letnem poročilu Varuha (LP) za leto 20062 smo tako v tej
zvezi z zadovoljstvom ugotavljali, da je Varuh s tem, ko so mu bile zaupane tudi naloge in pooblastila
DPM, postal sestavni del splošno veljavnega sistema pod okriljem Organizacije združenih narodov, ki
na mednarodni in državni ravni uveljavlja (dodaten) mehanizem za preprečevanje mučenja in drugih
oblik grdega ravnanja z ljudmi, ki jim je bila odvzeta prostost. Ta temelji predvsem na rednih obiskih
krajev odvzema prostosti. Gre za preventivne obiske, katerih namen je preprečiti mučenje ali drugo grdo
ravnanje, še preden se zgodi.
We are certain that one of the reasons the Ombudsman has been entrusted with the additional
duties and powers of the NPM was the care the Ombudsman has constantly dedicated to discussing
complaints received from imprisoned persons and also its preventive role in this area, i.e. by the
formed and established manner of operating when visiting facilities where persons deprived of their
liberty are accommodated. Its independence (functional, personal and financial) is also important in
this regard, which is ensured with the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia and the Human Rights
Ombudsman Act. In the 20062 Annual Report of the Ombudsman, we were pleased to establish that,
by being entrusted with the duties and powers of the NPM, the Ombudsman became an integral part
of a generally applicable system under the auspices of the United Nations Organisation, which enforces
(additional) mechanisms for the prevention of torture and other forms of ill-treatment of people
deprived of liberty at international and national levels. This system is particularly based on regular visits
to places of detention. These are preventive visits, the purpose of which is to prevent torture or other
ill-treatment before it occurs.
Pravne podlage za uveljavitev Opcijskega protokola v naši državi je pripravljala posebna medresorska
delovna skupina z vključenimi predstavniki nekaterih nevladnih organizacij (NVO), pa tudi predstavnikom
Varuha. Na pomen in nujnost, da Slovenija čim prej podpiše in ratificira Opcijski protokol, smo začeli
opozarjali že v LP 20043 in na to še dodatno opomnili v naslednjem LP 20054. Varuh je tako spodbujal,
da bi tudi Slovenija čim prej podpisala in ratificirala ta fakultativni protokol, saj uveljavlja pomembno
novost v primerjavi z do takrat veljavnimi mednarodnimi akti s področja varovanja človekovih pravic
in temeljnih svoboščin. Poleg pododbora za preprečevanje mučenja (SPT), ki je ustanovljen na ravni
Organizacije združenih narodov, fakultativni protokol namreč uveljavlja t. i. DPM z nalogo rednega
obiskovanja vsakega kraja, kjer so (ali bi lahko bile) osebe, ki jim je odvzeta prostost. Pripomnili smo
tudi, da bi z ratifikacijo Opcijskega protokola med prvimi 20 državami Slovenija poleg s tem povezanega
prestiža in privilegija, pokazala tudi odločnost pri uveljavljanju mednarodnih standardov za ravnanje z
osebami, ki jim je odvzeta prostost.
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Implementation of Duties and Powers of the National Preventive Mechanism in 2014
The legal bases for the establishment of the Optional Protocol in our country were prepared by a special
interministerial working group which included representatives of non-governmental organisations
and a representative of the Ombudsman. We noted the urgency of signing and ratifying the Optional
Protocol already in the 20043 Annual Report and then highlighted it also in the 20054 Annual Report.
The Ombudsman thus advocated that Slovenia sign and ratify the Optional Protocol as soon as possible,
since it was transposing an important novelty in comparison with the then applicable international acts
on the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. In addition to the Sub-Committee on
Prevention against Torture (SPT) established by the United Nations, the Optional Protocol introduces
the so-called NPM, whose task is to regularly visit all, or any, places suspected of deprivation of liberty
where persons are or could be accommodated. In addition to the prestige and privilege, if ratifying
the Optional Protocol among the first 20 countries, Slovenia would thus also display decisiveness in
enforcing international standards for the treatment of persons deprived of their liberty.
1 Uradni list RS, št. 114/06 – Mednarodne pogodbe, št. 20/06.
1 (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 114/06 – International Treaties, no. 20/06).
2 2.3 Omejitve osebne svobode, v: Poročilo Varuha za leto 2006, str. 43.
2 2.3 Restrictions of personal liberty in the 2006 Annual Report of the Ombudsman, p. 43.
3 Omejitve osebne svobode 2.2, v: Poročilo Varuha za leto 2004, str. 30.
3 2.2 Restrictions of personal liberty in the 2004 Annual Report of the Ombudsman, p. 30.
4 2.3 Omejitve osebne svobode, v: Poročilo Varuha za leto 2005, str. 34.
4 2.3 Restrictions of personal liberty in the 2005 Annual Report of the Ombudsman, p. 34.
poročilo o izvajanju nalog DPM v letu 2014
DržavnI preventivnI mehanizEm po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE NPM IN 2014
National Preventive Mechanism under the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
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