1.11 Priloga: Metodologija izvajanja nalog državnega preventivnega mehanizma v Republiki Sloveniji 1.11 Annex: Methodology of the implementation of the tasks of the National Preventive Mechanism (NPM) in Slovenia Pri vsakem pogovoru se poskuša pridobiti sogovornikovo zaupanje. Poudari se zaupnost pogovora, predvsem pa se trudi, da sogovornik čim bolj pravilno razume namen pogovora z DPM in da sodelovanja v njem v nobenem trenutku ne more utemeljeno dojemati kot neprostovoljnega. An effort is made to gain the person’s trust during every interview. The confidentiality of discussions is stressed and special efforts are made to ensure that the person correctly understands the purpose of speaking with the NPM and that cooperation cannot at any time be justifiably understood as involuntary. Praviloma se dopušča, da pogovor poteka spontano. Predvsem je treba upoštevati, da se sogovornik morebiti niti ne zaveda, da so mu kratene pravice ali da se pojavljajo druge nepravilnosti pri njegovi obravnavi. Zato ga je pomembno napeljevati predvsem na pripovedno izpovedovanje (npr. da s svojimi besedami opiše tipičen dan, kot ga preživlja, kako dejansko poteka dejavnost, ki jo omenja, kako se je lahko udeležuje ipd.). Če sogovornik izpostavlja okoliščine, ki niso predmet obravnave DPM, se mu to pojasni. Čeprav je morebiti o neki okoliščini pred njim že pripovedovalo več drugih, se sogovornika, ki bi tudi sam utegnil kaj vedeti o njej, o tem tudi povpraša. Tako se preverjajo morebitne različne izkušnje sogovornikov o istih okoliščinah. As a rule, this conversation is conducted spontaneously. It must also be observed that a person may not even be aware that their rights are being violated or that other irregularities are occurring while they are being deprived of their liberty. It is thus important to lead the conversation in a way that allows the person to give a narrative account (e.g. describe in their own words a typical day, the course of the activity they are involved in and how can they be involved in it, etc.). If a person highlights circumstances which are not the subject of the NPM discussion, this is explained. Even if several people have already spoken about a certain circumstance, any person who may also know something about it, is also asked about this. In this way, possibly different experiences of identical circumstances are verified. Če se izkaže, da bo mogoče katero navedbo preveriti le z razkritjem sogovornikove identitete osebju oziroma predstojniku kraja odvzema prostosti, ga je treba najprej prositi za njegovo soglasje o tem. Če takega soglasja ne da, se mu pojasni, da morda prejete informacije ne bo mogoče preveriti oziroma da bo prejeta informacija morda netočna. Pogovori lahko potekajo z eno ali več osebami hkrati, odvisno od okoliščin in namena obiska DPM oziroma od želje posamezne osebe. Pogovor praviloma traja do 20 minut, če se izkaže za smiselno, pa lahko tudi dlje. If it is established that a certain statement may only be verified by revealing a person’s identity to the staff or the head of the place of deprivation of liberty, the person must first be asked to consent. If the person is unwilling to consent, it is explained that information received cannot be verified or that the information may be inaccurate. Interviews may be conducted with one or several persons simultaneously, depending on the circumstances and the purpose of the NPM visit or the wishes of the individual person. The interviews usually take up to 20 minutes or more if considered suitable. Skupni pogovori se praviloma opravijo ob ogledu prostorov, kolikor je tako smiselno pridobivati informacije od oseb glede splošnih razmer bivanja in obravnave na kraju odvzema prostosti. Group interviews are usually conducted after viewing the premises if they are suitable for obtaining information from persons relating to general living conditions and treatment at the place of deprivation of liberty. Če je mogoče individualni pogovor opraviti v bivalnem prostoru osebe, se izvede tam, sicer pa se zahteva, da se zagotovi primeren prostor za zaupen pogovor oseb(e) z DPM. Osebe, s katerimi se bo opravil individualni pogovor, se določijo na podlagi njihovih morebitnih želja in na podlagi lastne, lahko tudi povsem naključne izbire. To se lahko opravi ob ogledu prostorov ali na podlagi seznama oseb, ki se predhodno pridobi od predstojnika oziroma osebja kraja odvzema prostosti. Samo izjemoma se individualni pogovori opravijo le s tistimi osebami, ki za to same izrazijo željo. Tako se poskuša čim bolj zmanjšati verjetnost, da katera od oseb ne bi imela priložnosti govoriti z DPM le zato, ker o možnosti pogovora ni bila ustrezno seznanjena ali bi se ji zaradi nekega pritiska, lahko tudi od drugih oseb, izrecno ali kako drugače odrekla. Udeleženci obiska DPM govorijo tudi z osebjem. Pomembno je, da ti pogovori ne potekajo ob navzočnosti predstojnika in da so čim manj formalni. Namen teh pogovorov je pridobiti nove informacije in preveriti že prejete informacije ter tako zaznati morebitna neskladja. Ob obisku se smiselno pregleda tudi dokumentacija: izbrani spisi, ki se vodijo o osebah, pravni akti, na podlagi katerih so osebe na kraju odvzema prostosti, in morebitne evidence, ki jih vodi oziroma bi jih moral voditi kraj odvzema prostosti. Če DPM presodi, da je to smiselno, lahko v končnem poročilu obrazloženo predlaga, naj kraj odvzema prostosti uvede tudi kakšno evidenco, ki je sicer ni zavezan voditi, a bi pomembno pripomogla k izboljšanju razmer. Pred sklepnim pogovorom s predstojnikom kraja odvzema prostosti se, razen če vodja skupine odloči drugače, udeleženci obiska DPM brez navzočnosti drugih sestanejo in izmenjajo poglavitne pridobljene informacije, predloge in mnenja. Po potrebi obisk nadaljujejo (npr. zaradi dodatnega preverjanja katerih od okoliščin). Sklepni pogovor se opravi (vsaj) s predstojnikom kraja odvzema prostosti. Vodi ga vodja obiska, ki tudi druge udeležence obiska DPM povabi, naj predstavijo poglavitne ugotovitve o kraju odvzema prostosti. Ob tem opozori na morebitne pomanjkljivosti, ki morajo biti odpravljene takoj, in izpostavi očitke ter pohvalne vidike ugotovljenih razmer. Po potrebi zahteva še dodatna pojasnila. Končno vodja obiska pojasni tudi, da bo o obisku izdelano predhodno oziroma končno poročilo in pove, komu bo poslano. Če ob obisku kraja odvzema prostosti DPM ni bilo mogoče pridobiti vseh potrebnih informacij, jih vodja obiska posebej zahteva v predhodnem poročilu. If possible, an individual interview is conducted in the living quarters of the person, or suitable premises are requested for a confidential discussion of the person with the NPM. Persons with whom individual interviews are to be conducted are determined on the basis of their possible requests and the NPM’s own selection or also on completely random selection. The interviews may be held during the viewing of premises or on the basis of a list of persons previously obtained from the head or the staff of the place of deprivation of liberty. Only exceptionally are individual interviews conducted only with persons who expressed such a wish. This reduces the probability of any persons not having the opportunity to speak to the NPM only because they were not suitably informed of this possibility, or having them waive this right explicitly or in another way due to certain pressure also from other persons. The participants of the NPM visit also speak to staff. It is important that these interviews are not conducted in the presence of the head and that they are as informal as possible. The purpose of these discussions is to obtain new information and verify information and thus discover possible non-compliance. The visit is also an opportunity to review suitable documentation: selected files on persons, legal acts on the basis of which persons are detained, and possible records kept or which should be kept at the place of deprivation of liberty. If the NPM deems it appropriate, the final report may include a proposal that the place of deprivation of liberty introduce a record, which it is not obliged to keep, but which may significantly contribute to improving conditions. Prior to the concluding discussion with the head of the place of deprivation of liberty, the participants of the NPM visit meet and exchange the main information, proposals and opinions obtained unless decided otherwise by the leader of the visit. If necessary, they continue the visit (e.g. to further examine certain circumstances). The concluding discussion is conducted (at least) with the head of the place of deprivation of liberty. The discussion is led by the leader of the visit, who also invites other participants of the NPM visit to present their main findings about the place of deprivation of liberty. The leader of the visit points to possible deficiencies which must be eliminated immediately and highlights complaints and commendable aspects of the conditions established. The leader of the visit also requests further clarifications if necessary, and explains that a preliminary or final report will be drafted on the basis of the visit and to whom it will be submitted. If the group is unable to obtain all the necessary information upon the visit to the place of deprivation of liberty, the leader of the visit requests for this information in the preliminary report. 176 poročilo o izvajanju nalog DPM v letu 2014 DržavnI preventivnI mehanizEm po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE NPM IN 2014 National Preventive Mechanism under the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 177