From 9-10 November, TNTD participated in the second meeting on the Controlled Delivery Handbook held by the Co-operation Group to Combat Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking in Drugs in Lyon, France. The meeting was organized by CoE in co-operation with INTERPOL. TNTD attended, in order to share experience in drafting and publishing the OSCE-SECI Center’s Controlled Delivery Manual for South-Eastern European Countries, which was issued in 2009. From 15-16 December, TNTD took part in the 12th Policy Consultative Group Meeting of the Paris Pact Initiative, held at UNODC in Vienna. TNTD co-chaired a debriefing on the results of a joint OSCE-UNODC experts working group on cross-border co-operation in combating illicit drugs, which took place in Almaty, Kazakhstan from 4-5 June. The participants adopted the recommendations of the expert working groups developed in 2015 on all four pillars of the 2012 Vienna Declaration of the Third Ministerial Conference of the Paris Pact Partners on Combating Illicit Traffic in Opiates Originating in Afghanistan. From 7-21 December, TNTD facilitated the Train-of-Trainers course for 12 Afghan law enforcement officers on combating illicit drugs at the All-Russian Advanced Training Institute of the MoI of the Russian Federation in Domodedovo, Moscow region. Twelve Afghan operational law enforcement officers received training. The training was co-organized by TNTD and the All-Russian Advanced Training Institute. Throughout 2015, 23 experts from Afghan law enforcement agencies have been trained as part of this ExB project, which was supported by the Governments of the Netherlands and the Russian Federation. Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration-Related Crime From 28-29 May, the joint CiO-TNTD’s Annual Police Experts Meeting (APEM) took place in Belgrade, Serbia. This year’s meeting was titled “Fighting Organized Crime in the OSCE Area with a Focus on Trafficking in Human Beings and Irregular Migration” and concentrated on various forms and best mechanisms for co-operation between law enforcement agencies, the judiciary, and other relevant bodies in the fight against migration-related crimes committed by organized criminal groups. Over 130 experts from law enforcement and other criminal justice bodies, relevant ministries and public authorities, international and non-governmental organizations, and civil society attended the meeting. From 15-16 October, TNTD participated in the Operational and Investigative Global Forum on Countering Migrant Smuggling Networks held in Lyon, France, co-organized 22 by INTERPOL and Europol. The goal of the Global Forum was to bring together experts from source, transit and destination countries and international organizations that have specialized in the area of people smuggling and irregular migration flows across these regions to actively target organized smuggling networks and bring them to justice. On 21 October, TNTD participated in the Expert Meeting on Child Trafficking in Bern, Switzerland, organized jointly by ECPAT2, Switzerland, Protection de l’enfance Switzerland, and supported by the Swiss Government. TNTD delivered a presentation on current challenges and trends with regard to migration-related crimes in the Western Balkans and informed participants about the role of the OSCE on this topic. The event was attended by 40 law enforcement officers and other criminal justice experts, representatives of international organizations, and NGOs dealing with child trafficking cases, as well as representatives from the Swiss Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 12-13 November, TNTD attended the Expert Panel Meeting “The Migration Crisis in the OSCE Region: Safeguarding Rights of Asylum Seekers, Refugees and other Persons in Need” in Warsaw, Poland, organized by ODIHR. TNTD gave a presentation on “Ways to improve the situation of asylum seekers, refugees and other persons in need at the borders and to ensure protection of their rights in line with OSCE commitments, including integration of regular migrants and refugees”. The Expert Panel Meeting brought together 55 representatives from border and asylum authorities of participating States, researchers and experts from OCEEA, ODIHR, OSCE field operations, UNHCR, IOM, and civil society. From 24-26 November, TNTD participated in the fifteenth Informal Asia-Europe Meeting Seminar on Human Rights, titled “Human Rights and Trafficking in Persons”, in Montreux, Switzerland. The meeting gathered some 125 law enforcement officers, civil society experts, private sector representatives, and senior government officials. The aim of the seminar was to develop human rights-related recommendations for different stakeholders working in the field of combating human trafficking and to strengthen human rights in relation to anti-trafficking measures. From 8-10 December, TNTD attended the OSCE Internal Anti-Trafficking Focal Points meeting in Bad Waltersdorf, Austria, organized by OSR/CTHB. About 30 representatives from OSCE field operations, OCEEA, and TNTD discussed 2 ECPAT is an international organization, active on a global scale. The acronym ECPAT stands for End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes.