CAT/OP/ESP/1 Subcommittee encourages the State party to adopt a prison policy that incorporates a gender perspective, in line with the Bangkok Rules. 76. The Subcommittee found that in the Melilla, Alhaurín de la Torre and San Sebastián prisons, women are unable to keep their babies with them since there are no mother-andchild units. At those prisons, women cannot breastfeed their children either. Most of the women who were interviewed reported that being unable to take care of their children caused them a great deal of stress. According to information received by the Subcommittee, mothers wanting to keep their children with them must be transferred to Seville or another prison, which entails uprooting them from the rest of their family. The Subcommittee considers the operation of the mother-and-child unit at the Picassent prison to be a good practice that could be replicated in other prison facilities. At that unit, mothers can remain with their babies and are provided with the basic necessities required to be able to care for them and foster their development. 77. The Subcommittee recommends that the State party develop the infrastructure needed to enable mothers to remain with their children and to breastfeed them, in accordance with rule 29 of the Nelson Mandela Rules. It also recommends that an effective system be put in place to protect the children of imprisoned women. 78. In all of the facilities that it visited, the Subcommittee found that women deprived of their liberty are subject to discriminatory conditions, since the lack of sufficient space means they cannot be separated by category. In the prisons housing women that it visited, the Subcommittee found that women in pretrial detention, women who had been convicted, women who displayed violent behaviour and women who did not are all held together. It also found that the majority of prisons have special compliance sections which, according to the information received, are separate areas within a prison that are designed to create a harmonious atmosphere of mutual respect for detainees. Participation in the scheme is voluntary; detainees agree to be bound by the rules rather than having them imposed upon them. However, it was noted that, due to a lack of the infrastructure needed to permit the separation of different categories of women inmates, it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to establish these sections for female inmates. This situation hinders the assessment of the progress being made by women detainees in terms of their social reintegration. 79. The Subcommittee recommends that, with respect to female prisoners, the State party apply the principles of non-discrimination, classification and individualized planning set forth in rules 1, 40 and 41 of the Bangkok Rules and in article 3 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. In this regard, it also recommends that the State party take the necessary steps to ensure that women in detention have the same degree of access to special compliance sections as male detainees. B. Migrants 80. There are currently eight migrant holding centres in the State party. During its visit, the Subcommittee visited three of them, in Madrid (Aluche), Valencia and Algeciras, as well as the temporary reception centre for migrants in Melilla. 81. The Subcommittee found that, in all of these centres, clothing and personal hygiene items were provided to detainees. However, at the Aluche centre there were a number of reports that some migrants were unable to change their clothes regularly because they had received only one set of clothing. 82. The Subcommittee heard reports from some male migrants held at the Aluche centre that they had been subjected to ill-treatment, including beatings and verbal abuse, by some members of the staff. 83. It also received complaints that the length of time that people spend in detention varies according to their nationality. According to those allegations, citizens of Algeria and Morocco spend the longest periods in detention, despite the fact that it would be easier to return people to those countries than to others. GE.19-17184 13