CAT/C/LVA/CO/2 page 9 periodic report information about any reparation programmes, including treatment of trauma and other forms of rehabilitation provided to victims of torture and illtreatment, as well as the allocation of adequate resources to ensure the effective functioning of such programmes. Rights of vulnerable groups and discrimination 19. While noting a number of measures adopted by the State party, including the recent amendment to article 48 of the Criminal Law to include racial motivation as an aggravating factor for criminal liability, the Committee expresses its concern at report of acts of violence against and discrimination of vulnerable groups, including Roma and the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community. The Committee is concerned at reports that the number of allegedly racially motivated crimes has recently increased and that the number of reported hate crimes is underestimated due to the lack of an effective hate crime recording and monitoring system. Furthermore, while the Committee takes note of the efforts made by the State party in recent years in the process of naturalization, it remains concerned at the continued existence of the status of non-citizens and stateless persons, affecting a large group in Latvian society (art. 16). The State party should intensify its efforts to combat discrimination against and illtreatment of vulnerable groups, in particular Roma and the LGBT community, including through the strict application of relevant legislation and regulations providing for sanctions. The State party should ensure prompt, impartial and thorough investigations into all such motivated acts and prosecute and punish perpetrators with appropriate penalties which take into account the grave nature of their acts, and ensure adequate training and instructions for law enforcement bodies and sensitization of the judiciary. The State party is encouraged to adopt the draft national programme to facilitate tolerance and to provide detailed information in its next periodic report on the effective measures adopted to prevent and combat such acts. The State party should simplify and facilitate the naturalization process and integration of non-citizens and stateless persons. Domestic violence 20. The Committee, while noting various measures undertaken by the State party, including the Action Plan for 2004-2013 of the State Family Policy Document, expresses its concern about the persistence of violence against women and children, including domestic violence. It is also concerned that domestic violence is not defined in national legislation and that marital rape is not recognized as a specific crime. The Committee further regrets the lack of State-wide statistics on domestic violence and that statistical data on complaints, prosecutions and sentences in matters of domestic violence were not provided. While noting the existence of some assistance programmes, including in the areas of rehabilitation and legal assistance, these are mostly run by non-governmental organizations and supported by outside donors, and the Committee regrets the lack of direct State involvement in such programmes (arts. 1, 2, 12 and 16). The State party should increase its efforts to prevent, combat and punish violence against women and children, including domestic violence. The State party should, inter alia, include a definition of domestic violence in its Criminal Code and recognize marital rape as a specific crime. The State party is encouraged to participate directly in rehabilitation and legal assistance programmes and to