104 According to the PNEIPRODE imports of PED (strategic defence products) manufactured in Brazil by EED are still prohibited. see: Presidência da República Secretaria-Geral Subchefia para Assuntos Jurídicos, ‘Decreto Nº 9.607, de 12 de Dezembro de 2018’, December 12 2018, <http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2015-2018/2018/ Decreto/D9607.htm>, Article 34 (VIII) 105 Pieter D. Wezeman et al., ‘Trends in International Arms Transfers’, SIPRI, 2018, <https://www.sipri.org/ sites/default/files/2019-03/fs_1903_at_2018.pdf> 106 The event is organised by Clarion Events and has institutional support from the Ministry of Defence, the Armed Forces and the Ministry of Justice. For more information see: https://www.laadexpo.com.br/en/about/ 107 During our research Omega also found evidence of numerous imported Chinese manufactured direct contact electric shock weapons advertised for sale to the general public on Brazilian e-commerce websites which specialise in the sale of goods for ‘self-defence’. 108 Typhon, ‘Zeta’, <https://typhondistraction.com/product/zeta/> [accessed 03 August 2020] 109 Ministerio Da Defesa, ‘Guia de Empresas e Produtos de Defesa’, 2019, <https://caslode.defesa.gov.br/site/ images/guia/GUIA-2019_qrcode.pdf> [accessed 07 July 2020] 110 Magalhães, David Almstadter Mattar de. ‘A política brasileira de exportação de armas no contexto da revitalização da Base Industrial de Defesa’. Tese (Doutorado em Relações Internacionais) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2016. p. 124 111 Ricardo Senra, ‘Longe dos holofotes, comitiva com CEO da Taurus acompanha Bolsonaro na Índia, o 2º comprador de armas do mundo’, BBC, 25 Janurary 2020, <https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-51245722> [accessed 03 March 2020] 112 Pieter D. Weizman et al., note 106. 113 Muggah, R and Thompson, N. note 68. 114 Presidência da República Secretaria-Geral Subchefia para Assuntos Jurídicos, note 107, Article 2 115 Defesanet, ‘CAMEX - Time Brasil Defesa - Financiamento e garantia à exportação de produtos de defesa brasileiros’ 3 January 2019, <https://www.defesanet.com.br/bid/noticia/31632/CAMEX---Time-Brasil-Defesa--Financiamento-e-garantia-a-exportacao-de-produtos-de-defesa-brasileiros/> 116 Rakhi Mazumdar, ‘Jindal Defence signs JV pact with Brazil’s Taurus Armas for manufacturing small arms’, The Economic Times, January 30 2020, <https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defense/jindaldefense-signs-jv-pact-with-brazils-taurus-armas-for-manufacturing-small-arms/articleshow/73697448.cms?utm_ source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst> [accessed 03 March 2020] 117 Guilherme Wiltgen, ‘ABIMDE acompanha missao presidencial aos Emirados Arabes Unidos e a Arabia Saudita e mostra a importancia da industria de defesa brasileira’, 31 October 2019, <https://www.defesaaereanaval.com. br/defesa/abimde-acompanha-missao-presidencial-aos-emirados-arabes-unidos-e-a-arabia-saudita-e-mostra-aimportancia-da-industria-de-defesa-brasileira> [accessed 07 July 2020] 118 Patrik Camporez, ‘Lobby das armas se reuniu 73 vezes no governo federal’, 23 June 2020, Estado <https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,lobby-das-armas-se-reuniu-73-vezes-no-governofederal,70003341620> [accessed 07 July] 119 Small Arms Survey, ‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer’, 2018, <www.smallarmssurvey.org/ fileadmin/docs/Weapons_and_Markets/Tools/Transparency_barometer/SAS-Transparency-Barometer-2018.pdf> 120 Ministerio da Economia Indústria, Comércio Exterior e Serviços, ‘Empresas brasileiras exportadoras e importadoras’ <http://www.mdic.gov.br/index.php/comercio-exterior/estatisticas-de-comercio-exterior/empresasbrasileiras-exportadoras-e-importadoras> [accessed 19 October 2019] 121 Another important source of information on production and sales are the company financial reports on file with the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM). The CVM lists filings for all publicly traded companies. Unfortunately, of the companies included in this report, only Taurus is currently listed on the CVM. CBC and Rossi were previously listed, but withdrew from the open stock market in 2007 and 2002 respectively. CBC,’ Oferta Pública de Aquisição de Ações Ordinárias e Preferenciais de Emissão Dacompanhia Brasileira de Cartuchos’, 2007, <http://www.cvm.gov.br/dados/LaudEditOpa/RJ-2007-02052/20071003_EDITAL_DE_OFERTA_PUBLICA.doc> Rossi, ‘Oferta Pública de Aquisição de Ações Ordinárias e Preferenciais da Amadeo Rossi S.A.’, 2002, <http://www. cvm.gov.br/dados/LaudEditOpa/RJ-2002-03454/20020724_EDITAL_DE_OFERTA_PUBLICA.PDF> 122 Condor Tecnologias Não Letais, ‘Condor Non-Lethal Technologies’, 2016, <https://youtu.be/ DkWO1pe8f3U> 123 A full list of companies designated as EED can be found on the ABIMDE website at: <http://www.abimde. org.br/informative/eed> 124 Comex Stat, ‘Exports and imports of Cities’, <http://comexstat.mdic.gov.br/en/municipio/19612> [accessed 03 July 2020] 125 Condor, ‘Letter to Omega Research Foundation’, 03 February 2016 126 Physicians for Human Rights, ‘Tear Gas or Lethal Gas? Bahrain’s Death Toll Mounts to 34’, 16 March 2012, <https://phr.org/our-work/resources/tear-gas-or-lethal-gas-bahrains-death-toll-mounts-to-34/> 127 Photographs of used tear gas projectiles on the doorstep of Al-Saeed’s home were taken by human rights defender Nabeel Rajab. The projectiles photographed were the GL 203/L – Multiple Charge Tear Gas and the 203 GL/T – Triple Charge Tear Gas models. See ADHRB vs. Condor Non-Lethal Technologies’, 22 September 2015, <https://complaints.oecdwatch.org/cases-es/Case_444/1536/at_download/file> [accessed 03 July 2020] 76  128 ‘Ibid. 129 Song Jung-a and Simeon Kerr, ‘South Korea halts tear gas exports to Bahrain’, 09 January 2014, Financial Times, <https://www.ft.com/content/ab675920-76ea-11e3-a253-00144feabdc0> [accessed 03 March 2020] 130 European Parliament, ‘Motion for a Resolution with request for inclusion in the agenda for a debate on cases of breaches of human rights, democracy and the rule of law pursuant to Rule 135 of the Rules of Procedure on Bahrain, in particular the case of Nabeel Rajab (2015/2758(RSP))’, 07 July 2015, <https://www.europarl.europa. eu/doceo/document/B-8-2015-0708_EN.html> 131 Comex Stat, ‘Exports and imports of Cities’, < http://comexstat.mdic.gov.br/en/municipio/19612> [accessed 03 July 2020] 132 ‘Brasil Principal Proveedor de Lacrimógeno En Venezuela’, El Economista, 24 March 2014, <http://eleconomista.com.mx/industria-global/2014/03/24/brasil-principal-proveedor-lacrimogenovenezuela> [accessed 24 October 2019]. 133 Cesar Crespo, ‘The politics of tears’ 28 June 2017, Caracas Chronicles, <https://www. caracaschronicles.com/2017/06/28/the-politics-of-tears/ > [accessed 24 October 2019] 134 ‘Venezuela to probe teenager’s death during protest’, 8 June 2017, BBC News, <https://www.bbc.co.uk/ news/world-latin-america-40200694> [accessed 24 October 2019] 135 Alonso Soto and Rodrigo Viga Gaier, ‘Brazil bans tear gas exports to Venezuela due to violence: sources’, 19 June 2017, Reuters, <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-venezuela/brazil-bans-tear-gas-exports-tovenezuela-due-to-violence-sources-idUSKBN19A2IO> [accessed 26 October 2019] 136 Comex Stat, note 134. 137 According to its website, ‘to meet growing demand for Taurus products’, in 2019 the company moved its US operations to a new 18,000 sq/m manufacturing unit in the state of Georgia. <https://www.taurusarmas.com. br/pt/institucional/sobre-nos> [accessed 14/02/2020] 138 Seow Bei Yi, ‘Frontline police to be armed with pistols instead of revolvers’, 24 February 2019, Strait Times, <https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/frontline-police-to-be-armed-with-pistols> [accessed 25 March 2020] 139 Luiz Padilha, ‘Taurus foernece pistolas TH9 para forca policial argentina’, 10 August 2020, Defesa, Aeres & Naval, <https://www.defesaaereanaval.com.br/defesa/taurus-fornece-pistolas-th9-para-forca-policialargentina> [accessed 12 August 2020] 140 Taurus financial statements only provide a partial breakdown of sales by geographic region. A small portion of yearly sales (around 1.5% over the period analysed) are recorded as sales to ‘other countries’. 141 Exports of Taurus products, especially to the United States, were badly affected by its recall of faulty products and a subsequent class lawsuit filed against the company. Tina Bellon, ‘Fed. judge approves $38m Taurus defective handgun settlement’ 18 March 2019, Westlaw News, <https://www.reuters.com/article/products-gunsidUSL1N2151SG> [accessed 18 May 2020] 142 Fares Mohammed Mana’a is subject to United Nations sanctions for smuggling weapons to Somalia, see: United Nations Security Council, ‘Letter dated 22 January 2016 from the Panel of Experts on Yemen established pursuant to Security Council resolution 2140 (2014) addressed to the President of the Security Council’, 22 January 2016, S/2016/73, <https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2016_73.pdf> [accessed 09 October 2020] 143 United Nations Security Council, ‘Letter dated 27 January 2017 from the Panel of Experts on Yemen addressed to the President of the Security Council’, 27 January 2017, <https://undocs.org/en/S/2018/193>, p. 34 144 Ibid., p. 34 145 Rodrigo Fracalossi de Moraes, ‘Our weapons, our problem: arms exports, democracy, and civil society in Brazil and the UK’, 2019, University of Oxford: Department of Politics and International Relations, p. 297 146 Current Brazilian regulations concerning the acquisition, import and export of law enforcement equipment, firearms and other controlled products are currently under active review and subject to change. As such, although this section of the report seeks to provide an overview of recent changes to some of the most relevant aspects of this regulatory framework it should not be interpreted as being comprehensive. 147 UN, The Arms Trade Treaty, adopted by UN General Assembly Resolution 67/234 on 2 April 2013, entered into force on 24 December 2014. Article 1 148 Ibid. 149 For more information on the Global Alliance for Torture Free Trade see: http://www.torturefreetrade.org/ 150 UN General Assembly, Resolution A/73/304 ‘Towards torture-free trade: examining the feasibility, scope and parameters for possible common international standards’, 28 June 2019, <https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/73/304> 151 The regulations described in this section of the report are still under active development and are thus subject to change. 152 Presidência da República Secretaria-Geral Subchefia para Assuntos Jurídicos, note 107. 153 Ibid. Article 2 154 Ministério da Defesa/Secretaria de Produtos de Defesa, ‘PORTARIA Nº 1714/SEPROD/SG-MD, DE 27 DE ABRIL DE 2020’, 28 April 2020, <https://www.in.gov.br/web/dou/-/portaria-n-1714/seprod/sg-md-de-27-de-abrilde-2020-254213468> 155 Applications for authorization for preliminary negotiations and applications for authorization for export of defence products, are received by the Defence Products Division (DEPROD) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 156 The authorization for NegPrel and the deferral of the PEx granted during the preliminary procedures phase 77