Additional resources: College of Policing (UK). Investigative interviewing. Available from: https://goo.gl/DuLnfp Mendez, J. (2016). Universal protocol for interviews. Interim report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Seventy-first session. Item 69 (b) of the provisional agenda. Available from: http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/71/298 Rachlew, A. (2017). From interrogating to interviewing suspects of terror: Towards a new mindset. Expert blog, Penal Reform International, Available from: https://goo.gl/7Hk9gn Roberts, K., et al. (2012). Police interviewing of criminal suspects: a historical perspective. Internet Journal of Criminology, 2012, 1-17. Available from: https://goo.gl/1pU3a6 Schollum, M. (2005). Investigative interviewing: The literature. Wellington, New Zealand: Office of the Commissioner of Police, 2005. Available from: https://goo.gl/Ermy9J This tool complements the CTI/UNCAT Implementation Tool 2/2017 on Safeguards in the first hours of police detention. Key safeguards in the first hours of police detention include: notification of rights; prompt access to a lawyer; independent medical examination; communication with family members or third party; audio and video recording interrogations; judicial oversight; and keeping detention records. T O O L UNCAT Implementation Tool 2/2017 SAFEGUARDS IN THE FIRST HOURS OF POLICE DETENTION Safeguards against torture and other forms of ill-treatment are rules and procedures that guide authorities to protect persons in police detention. Safeguards are practical and cost-efficient solutions to prevent abuse in custodial settings, where the risk of torture and other ill-treatment is highest. This implementation tool describes how safeguards against torture in the first hours of police detention may be used to help States parties to the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT) fulfil their obligations. While safeguards themselves are not typically strict Convention obligations, they are practical solutions to challenges faced in the prevention of torture and other ill-treatment during police detention. As such, safeguards help States fulfil various international law obligations, including those described in articles 2, 11 and 16 of UNCAT, among others. To be an effective protection against torture, each safeguard must be implemented in a way that addresses the particular risks of abuse in any particular country. This tool provides examples to inspire good practices in implementation and to help States recognise any “gaps” in protection that still need to be addressed. While the safeguards presented in this tool are effective in protecting many persons in police detention, extra measures may be necessary for persons with vulnerabilities or who are at heightened risk, including children, women, persons with disabilities, LGBTI, or any other reasons that make persons in police detention particularly vulnerable. States should consider whether and which extra measures are needed to address particular vulnerabilities or risks. “ It is well-known that the risk of torture and other ill-treatment is significantly greater during the first hours of police custody. To prevent torture during this heightened period of risk, safeguards must be put in place and implemented in practice…We call on every State to invest in safeguards to prevent torture and other forms of ill-treatment.�� Joint statement in 2017 by UN Special Rapporteur on torture, Mr. Nils Melzer and three former Special Rapporteurs on torture, Mr. Juan Méndez, Mr. Manfred Nowak, and Mr. Theo van Boven. The CTI ‘UNCAT Implementation Tools’ are a series of practical tools designed to share good practices among States on the implementation of the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT). They offer thematic guidance and ideas for State practitioners and policymakers as they develop or revise context-specific strategies, mechanisms and procedures to prevent torture and other forms of ill-treatment or punishment, and provide remedies for victims. 1/11 CTI Centre Jean-Jacques Gautier PO Box 137 – 1211 Geneva 19 – Switzerland +41 (0)22 919 2167 info@cti2024.org http://www.cti2024.org Prepared for the CTI by the Norwegian Center for Human Rights, University of Oslo in cooperation with the Norwegian Police University College. © 2017, Convention against Torture Initiative (CTI). All rights reserved. Materials contained in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, provided credit is given to the source. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate the publication should be addressed to the CTI. The examples used in this tool are based on publicly available information. The CTI would welcome any corrections or updates as applicable. Layout &design: BakOS DESIGN 12/12