use of violence in the form of pushing, pulling and beating by the personnel (JDC in Pszczyna, JDC in Laskowiec and JDC in Studzieniec)67. The visiting persons also recommended to eliminate interference in the intimacy of the juveniles by installing a monitoring system covering with its range the sanitary facility (JDC in Mrozy). In addition, through the Campaign Against Homophobia, the NMP representatives received the information on punishing, by isolation, the juveniles demonstrating behaviors being evidence of homosexual orientation. It was recommended to eliminate such practices. In the NMP representatives' opinion, treating the juveniles in this way is unacceptable. Punishing the juveniles for various kinds of practices likely to prove their sexual orientation (e.g. writing love letters to the people of the same sex) is unjustified. These behaviours should not be treated as disciplinary offence. In most of the discussed centres, the juveniles felt safe and had a good opinion on the educational and psychological staff. However, some juveniles indicated the existence of the so-called second life (JDC in Laskowiec) and experiencing violence from the part of other juveniles (JDC in Mrozy, JDC in Studzieniec, JDC in Pszczyna), as well as access to alcohol or drugs in the establishment (JDC in Studzieniec, JDC in Falenica). Degrading treatment or punishment may also be putting on the board the information on punishing a given person (JDC in Studzieniec)68 or placing a juvenile in the isolation room in a shirt worn in the establishment, without underwear (JDC in Falenica)69. The visiting persons observed that the frequently occurring violation is the use of placing the juveniles in the transition rooms as a disciplinary measure (JDC in Falenica, JDC in Studzieniec, JDC in Laskowiec). The director of JDC in Pszczyna informed the NMP about conducting a series of trainings for the staff, to help prevent future unacceptable forms of treatment of the juveniles by the personnel and ordered to increase an emphasis, in the educational work, on socio-therapeutic activities reducing the violent behaviours of the juveniles towards their colleagues. A series of actions to eliminate those violations were also taken by the directors of the establishments in Mrozy and Laskowiec. The director of JDC in Studzieniec explained that as for placing on the board the information on punishing a given person he disagreed with the NMP's opinion. In opinion of the director of JDC Studzieniec, such a practice is preventive and for many boys it might be a form of warning, he explained that the transparency of the punishment and reward process was the element of the educational process. The director also informed that there had been no cases of using the transition rooms as a disciplinary measure and that information could be related to an unclear entry in the transition room register. The director of JDC in Falenica informed the NMP representatives that in the establishment he managed, the sexual identity of the juveniles was respected and accepted. Nobody used discriminatory practices with regard to their sexual orientation. c) Use of direct coercive measures                                                              67 The juveniles did not want to lodge a complain or give specific information on the reported cases of violence. § 32 item 12 of the Rules for Juveniles in the Juvenile Detention Centre in Studzieniec 69 § 38 para.5 of the Rules of the Juvenile Detention Centre and Juvenile Shelter in Warsaw-Falenica 68