CAT/C/DRC/CO/1 page 4 8. The Committee is concerned about qualitative and quantitative shortcomings in the judiciary and the Public Prosecutor’s Office, the public institutions responsible for overseeing public safety and ensuring that the State functions in a manner that guarantees respect for human rights. (a) The State party should take effective steps to enhance the independence of the judiciary, the cornerstone of any State based on the rule of law by virtue of its role as custodian of rights and freedoms under the Constitution, especially by improving the working conditions of officials and the facilities they require for the proper performance of their duties. The Committee considers that the State should train judges to ensure more efficient investigations and bring judicial decisions into conformity with applicable international norms. It further recommends the adoption of effective measures to ensure the independence of members of the judiciary and the protection of their physical integrity; (b) The Committee encourages the State party to seek ways and means of strengthening the judiciary, in particular through international cooperation. 9. The Committee notes with concern the existence of a system of military justice with jurisdiction to try civilians. The State party should take the necessary steps to ensure that military courts are used solely for the purpose of trying military personnel for military offences in accordance with the relevant provisions of international law. 10. The Committee notes with concern the large number of security forces and services with powers of arrest, detention and investigation. The State party should keep to the strict minimum the number of security forces and services with powers of arrest, detention and investigation, and ensure that the police force remains the primary law enforcement agency. 11. The Committee is concerned about the conditions of detention currently existing in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The most common problems are overcrowding, insufficient food, poor hygiene and a shortage of material, human and financial resources. The treatment of prisoners remains a matter of concern for the Committee. Cases of corporal punishment for disciplinary offences have been reported. Solitary confinement and food deprivation are also used as disciplinary measures. In many cases, minors and women are not segregated from adults and men. The State party should end practices that are contrary to the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners. It should also take immediate steps to reduce overcrowding in prisons and the number of persons in pretrial detention, and ensure that minors and women are segregated from adults and men. 12. The Committee is deeply concerned about the widespread sexual violence against women, including in places of detention.