Contents C. Interviews and Witness Protection I. Aims and Scope of the 2016 Minnesota Protocol 1 1. General principles 18 2. Security and well-being 18 3. Recording interviews 18 D. Recovery of Human Remains  II. International Legal Framework A. The Right to Life B. Accountability and Remedy C. The Triggering and Scope of the Duty to Investigate D. Elements and Principles of Investigations 1. Elements of the duty to investigate 3 3 4 5 7 7 2. Relevant international principles and codes 9 3. The participation and protection of family members during an investigation 9 4. Investigative mechanisms 10 III. Professional Ethics 11 IV. Conduct of an Investigation A. General Principles of Investigations B. The Investigation Process 1. Collecting and managing data and materials 2. Important physical locations, including the death/crime scene 3. Family liaison 12 12 12 13 13 15 4. Understanding the victim 15 5. Finding, interviewing and protecting witnesses 15 6. International technical assistance 16 7. Telecommunications and other digital evidence 17 8. Financial issues 17 9. Chronology of events 17 18 19 1. General principles 19 2. Labelling 19 3. Inventory 20 4. Intact bodies 20 5. Skeletal remains on the surface 20 6. Buried bodies/skeletal remains 21 7. Considerations in the recovery of buried remains 21 E. Identification of Dead Bodies 21 1. General principles 21 2. Visual recognition 21 3. The scientific approach to identification 22 4. Events with multiple deaths 22 5. Conclusions about identity 23 F. Types of Evidence and Sampling 24 1. General principles 24 2. Human biological evidence 24 3. Non-biological physical evidence 25 4. Digital evidence 26 5. Forensic accounting 26 6. Soil/environmental samples 26 G. Autopsy 27 1. General principles 27 2. The role of radiological imaging in investigating potentially unlawful death 28 H. Analysis of Skeletal Remains 29