Notes 1. Herman J.L. Justice from the Victim’s Perspective. Violence Against Women. 2005; 11(5):580. 2. Başoğlu M., Livanou M., et al. Psychiatric and Cognitive Effects of War in Former Yugoslavia: Association of Lack of Redress for Trauma and Postraumatic Stress Reactions. Journal of American Medical Association. 2005; 294(5): 588. 3. Sonis J., Gibson J., et al. Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Disability in Cambodia: Associations with perceived justice, desire for revenge, and attitudes toward the Khmer Rouge Trials. The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2009; 302(5): 535. Also: Orth U. Secondary Victimisation of Crime Victims by Criminal Proceedings. Social Justice Research. 2002; 15(4): 313. 4. Hodžić R. Living the Legacy of Mass Atrocities: Victims’ Perspectives on War Crimes Trials. Journal of International Criminal Justice. 2010; 8(1): 125. 5. Kiza E., Rathgeber C. and Rohne H.C. Victims of War: Empirical Study on War-Victimisation and Victims’ Attitudes towards Addressing Atrocities. Max Planck Institute, Hamburg. 2006. 6. Sonis J., Gibson J., et al. Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Disability in Cambodia: Associations with perceived justice, desire for revenge, and attitudes toward the Khmer Rouge Trials. The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2009; 302(5): 535. Also: Orth U. Secondary Victimisation of Crime Victims by Criminal Proceedings. Social Justice Research. 2002; 15(4): 313 7. Ilic Z., Psychological Preparation of Torture Victims as Witnesses toward the Prevention of Retraumatisation. In Z. Spiric Z., Knezevic G., Jovic V., Opacic G. (Ed).Torture in war: consequences and rehabilitation of victims - Yugoslav experience. 2004. IAN, Belgrade. 8. Hodžić R. Living the Legacy of Mass Atrocities: Victims’ Perspectives on War Crimes Trials. Journal of International Criminal Justice. 2010; 8(1): 125. 9. The exclusion of asylum proceedings in this report means that it does not include contributions from most IRCT members in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand as these centres primarily offer services to torture victims involved in asylum or other status determination procedures. 10. Başoğlu M., Livanou M., et al. Psychiatric and Cognitive Effects of War in Former Yugoslavia: Association of Lack of Redress for Trauma and Postraumatic Stress Reactions. Journal of American Medical Association. 2005; 294(5): 589. 11. Saçilik and Others V. Turkey, (Applications nos. 43044/05 and 45001/05), Judgment of 5 July 2011. 12. The Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment (Istanbul Protocol). 2004. HR/P/PT/8/Rev.1. 13. The Independent Forensic Expert Group (IFEG) was initially established in 2009 by the IRCT under its EUfunded project on Forensic Evidence Against Torture (FEAT). It brings together a group of more than 30 forensic experts who have specific expertise in conducting forensic examinations in cases of alleged torture through the use of the Istanbul Protocol. It was created to serve as a reference point, providing advice on select individual torture cases and technical issues, and participating in targeted missions to examine torture survivors and assist with bringing cases to court. 14. State obligations under Article 14 of the UN Convention against Torture are outlined fully by the Committee against Torture in its General Comment No. 3 (2012), Implementation of article 14 by State parties (CAT/C/GC/3). 15. General Comment no. 3 (2012), paragraph 20. 16. Ibid, paragraph 26. 17. Ibid, paragraph 30. 18. Ibid, paragraph 21. 19. Ibid, paragraph 38. 20. Ibid, paragraph 14. 21. Ibid, paragraphs 11 and 15. 22. Ibid, paragraph 34. 23. Ibid, paragraph 31. 24. Ibid, paragraph 33. 57