one, or of resuming their human rights work, soon. Many human rights defenders report that they are fast running out of money and food. 108 On 25 August, a number of national NGO premises were searched by the Taliban in Kabul city. The Taliban asked questions regarding the vehicles, assets, and names of Directors and senior staff members of the NGOs.109 On 12 September, about 30 Taliban members came to an NGO office [location withheld], asking about the organization, its director, and its activities, and wrongly accusing it of organizing the recent demonstrations on women’s rights and holding a women’s shelter. As they could not find any staff member present, they arrested the guard before releasing him shortly after.110 On 7 September 2021, Taliban shot Omid Sharifi, a civil society activist, and Bashir Ahmad Bayat, a schoolteacher at Herat Revolution High School, as they were protesting against the Taliban in Herat province.111 Both died as a result of their injuries.112 On 8 September 2021, a women rights’ protester was whipped several times in Kabul while she and other protesters were chanting “freedom, freedom”.113 On 8 September,2021, the Ministry of Interior of Taliban issued an order banning all demonstrations and gatherings across Afghanistan “until a policy of demonstration is codified”.114 6. FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION, DISSENT, AND JOURNALISTS “It is the death of freedom of expression in Afghanistan. We have build and worked over the past 20 years. We built a career, we built a life. All of a sudden, everything is gone” 115 In the weeks before the Taliban entered Kabul city, there were already incidents of attacks on journalists.116 Days after taking over the city, Taliban leaders attempted to portray their support for a free press and the right of women to work, by having a Taliban leader interviewed on live TV by a female anchor.117 Given the previous record of the Taliban when television and cinema were banned,118 and women were not permitted to leave their homes without a maharam (male guardian), the early press conferences appeared to present a Taliban that was keen to assure the west and the 108 Confidential communication. Phone interview, 6 September 2021. World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT). 109 Confidential communication sent via email, 13 September 2021. World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT). 110 Confidential communication. Phone interview, 12 September 2021. World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT). Tweet. Tajuden Soroush. @TajudenSoroush. 8 September 2021. 2.13 AM. https://twitter.com/TajudenSoroush/status/1435343099262345226. Facebook. 8am News. 8 September 2021. 2:09 PM. https://www.facebook.com/201295459914347/posts/4416835368360314/?d=n. ` 111 112 Facebook. 8am News. 8 September 2021. 2:09 PM. https://www.facebook.com/201295459914347/posts/4416835368360314/?d=n Facebook. BBC News. 8 September 2021. 1:52 PM. https://www.facebook.com/bbcpersian/videos/422043235955325/?extid=NS-UNK-UNK-UNKIOS_GK0T-GK1C 113 Facebook. 8AM News. 9 September 2021. 12:45 PM. https://www.facebook.com/201295459914347/posts/4419840398059811/?d=n. Gandhara. 8 September 2021. “Afghan Protest Ban Stokes Fears Of Taliban Government Quickly Shedding Pledges”. https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/afghan-protest-bantaliban-/31450759.html 114 115 Interview with Ayesha. Phone conversation. 8 September 2021. Amnesty International. On 8 August, even before the Taliban reached Kabul, Toofan Omar, a journalist at Paktia Ghah Radio was killed by unknown assailants while he was traveling from Parwan province to Kabul. Reuters has reported that he was killed by suspected Taliban fighters and that another journalist was also abducted in the incident. UNESCO. 12 August 2021. “Director-General denounces killing of radio manager Toofan Omar in Afghanistan”. https://en.unesco.org/news/director-general-denounces-killing-radio-manager-toofan-omar-afghanistan. Reuters. “Taliban kill Afghan radio station manager, kidnap journalist – officials”. 9 August 2021. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taliban-kill-afghan-radio-station-manager-kidnapjournalist-officials-2021-08-09/. Reuters. “Taliban kill Afghan radio station manager, kidnap journalist – officials”. 9 August 2021. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taliban-kill-afghan-radio-station-manager-kidnap-journalist-officials-2021-08-09/. 116 Jim Waterson. The Guardian. 17 August 2021. “Female presenter interviews Taliban spokesman on Afghanistan television”. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/17/female-presenter-interviews-taliban-spokesman-on-afghanistan-television. 117 Sayed Salahuddin. Reuters. “Taliban ban TV in Afghan province”. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghan-tv-idUSISL32262220080513. DW. 17 August 2021. “'The Taliban will ban all art': An Afghan female filmmaker's plea”. https://www.dw.com/en/the-taliban-will-ban-all-art-an-afghan-femalefilmmakers-plea/a-58877655. 118 THE FATE OF THOUSANDS HANGING IN THE BALANCE: AFGHANISTAN’S FALL INTO THE HANDS OF THE TALIBAN Amnesty International 15