3.2.8 Mental Distress 3.2.9 Unauthorized Medical Experimentation and Treatment 3.2.10 Corporal Punishment 3.2.11 Death Penalty a. Method of Execution b. Death Row Phenomenon 3.2.12 Cruel Sentences 3.2.13 Extradition, Expulsion, and Refoulement a. Pain and Suffering Caused by Being Forced to Leave a State 3.2.14 Gender-Based Violations of article 7 3.2.15 Non-Use of Statements Obtained in Breach of article 7 3.2.16 Positive Duties under article 7 a. Duty to Enact and Enforce Legislation b. Duty to Investigate Allegations of Torture c. Duty to Provide Redress, Including an Effective Remedy and Reparation d. Duty to Train Appropriate Personnel e. Procedural Safeguards 3.2.17 Overlap between article 7 and other ICCPR Provisions 3.3 Jurisprudence under article 10 3.3.1 Application of article 10 3.3.2 Conditions of Detention 3.3.3 Detention Incommunicado and Solitary Confinement 3.3.4 Death Row Phenomenon 3.3.5 Procedural Duties under article 10 a. Detention of Pregnant Women b. Segregation of Convicted Prisoners from Remand Prisoners c. Protection for Juvenile Detainees 3.3.6 Rehabilitation Duty 180 182 184 185 185 186 188 189 192 192 196 197 197 198 201 204 205 206 206 207 207 211 212 212 213 213 214 215 PART IV: JURISPRUDENCE OF THE COMMITTEE AGAINST TORTURE 217 4.1 Definition of Torture 4.1.1 Absolute Prohibition of Torture 4.1.2 Aspects of the Definition of Torture in Article 1 a. Pain and Suffering b. Intention c. Purpose 219 221 222 222 222 222 13