Report on the Performance of Activities of the National Preventive Mechanism for 2016 employed nurses / medical technicians, in some penal institutions, in the evening or during the weekend, therapy is distributed by judicial police officers on duty. Most problems would be easier to resolve were the Ministry of Health to accept the responsibility for ensuring adequate healthcare services to prisoners, as for the population in general. Already in 2006, the Council of Europe’s Committee of Ministers reached a conclusion that the most efficient way to implement European Prison Rules, in its part pertaining to healthcare organization, is that the ministry competent for health be responsible for provision of healthcare in prisons. From the perspective of public healthcare, principle of integration is also emphasized in the Recommendation of Committee of Ministers Rec(2001)12 on the adaptation of health services to the demand for healthcare and healthcare services of people in marginal situations. Croatian Health Insurance Fund continues to put prisoners in an unequal position with respect to other groups of insured persons. Namely, those who have registered their permanent or temporary residency at the address of penal institutions and whose income is too low, are usually denied the possibility of their supplementary health insurance being financed from the State Budget, all this despite the fact that they meet the legally prescribed conditions. Even though about 40% of prisoners serve prison sentence lasting for more than three years – therefore, change of residency is not short-term, Croatian Health Insurance Fund insists that they must submit documents confirming their martial and family status as well as the amount of household income, regardless of the fact that they obviously do not live in their family household. Even though multi-year trend of prison overcrowding continues to wane, prison system accommodation conditions have still not been aligned with legal and international standards. Namely, ensuring 4 m2 and 10 m3 of living space is only part of every prisoner’s right to be detained in conditions compatible with human dignity and healthcare standards. Unsatisfactory hygiene conditions, lack of privacy while in the toilet, placing smokers and non-smokers in the same cells, are only some of the problems that will be very difficult to resolve without considerable financial investments. Efficiency of legal protection, which is the fundamental precondition for fighting against impunity of all forms of torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, is still not satisfactory especially with regard to prisoners on remand. 22