vii CONTENTS FOREWORD iii BACKGROUND v 1. INTRODUCTION  1 2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES ON THE USE OF FORCE  4 3. ACCOUNTABILITY  8 4. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS PERTAINING TO LESS-LETHAL WEAPONS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT  13 4.1 DESIGN AND PRODUCTION 13 4.2 LEGAL REVIEW, TESTING AND PROCUREMENT 14 4.3 MONITORING 15 4.4 TRANSPARENCY 16 4.5 TRAINING 16 4.6 MEDICAL ASSISTANCE 18 4.7 TRANSFER 19 4.8 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND ASSISTANCE 5. UNLAWFUL WEAPONS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT  5.1 UNLAWFUL WEAPONS 5.2 UNLAWFUL RELATED EQUIPMENT 19 20 20 20