6. Guidance for the most commonly used instruments of force in law enforcement 6.1. General principles for all instruments 78 6.2. Instruments of force 80 6.3. Control, storage, registration and issuance of instruments of force PART IV. POLICING SITUATIONS 7. PART V. 78 100 105 Public assemblies and protests 106 7.1. Introduction 106 7.2. Taking precaution: preventing the use of force 109 7.3. Use of force during assemblies 116 7.4. Allowing monitors and journalists 124 7.5. Accountability after the event 125 8. 128 Criminal investigation 8.1. Introduction 128 8.2. Criminal investigation methods 128 8.3. The suspect interview 130 8.4. Measures to prevent coercion, ill-treatment and torture during a suspect interview 132 9. 135 Stop and search, arrest and detention 9.1. Stop and search 135 9.2. Arrest 136 9.3. Use of force in detention 143 ACCOUNTABILITY FOR THE USE OF FORCE AND FIREARMS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT 151 10. Reporting, monitoring and review 152 10.1. Introduction 152 10.2. Collecting information: reporting afterwards and recording in “real time” 153 10.3. Collecting and analysing the data 157 11.  Complaints and investigations 159 11.1. Introduction 159 11.2. Receiving and handling complaints 160 11.3. Investigations into (alleged) arbitrary or excessive use of force 162 11.4. Remedy 170 12. Independent oversight bodies 172 12.1. Introduction 172 12.2. Setting up an independent external body 173 12.3. Oversight over detention facilities 177 12.4. Report findings 179 References 180 vi