A/HRC/16/52/Add.4 systematically detained. According to the Government, in 2008, some 50 per cent of all arrests of aliens in the EU took place in Greece. This number has increased to 75 per cent in 2009 and almost 90 per cent in 2010. The mass influx, coupled with systematic detention, puts border-guard stations and migration detention facilities at the Greek Turkish border in a situation of crisis. But the police facilities in areas with high rates of aliens are also overcrowded with persons in detention awaiting deportation. The detention crisis is further worsened by the Government’s extreme budgetary constraints due to the current economic crisis in the country. 25. The migration burden on Greece is aggravated by the Dublin II Regulation allocating the responsibility for asylum claims to the country of first entry. Thus, every asylum-seeker having entered through Greek territory is to be returned to Greece for filing an application, creating a totally unequal burden for the protection of refugees in the EU. 26. Since taking office in October 2009, the Government has made the issue of detention of irregular migrants and refugees a priority and is planning a substantive reform of the asylum system and migration management. B. 1. Acts of torture and ill-treatment in places of detention Facilities under the authority of the Ministry of Citizen’s Protection: Migrants and Refugees 27. The Special Rapporteur received numerous allegations of ill-treatment by law enforcement officers, whether upon arrest, or later in detention; in police stations, Criminal Investigation Departments (CID), border-guard stations and migration detention centres. He heard reports and noticed a generally rough attitude of the officers towards detainees, and a sentiment of anxiety among the detainees. In most places, he found the atmosphere very agitated and tense. 28. In police stations and CID, the Special Rapporteur received numerous and consistent allegations of ill-treatment by law enforcement officials. Many detainees said they have been physically or verbally abused by police officers either upon arrest or later at the police station. In a few cases, this ill-treatment amounted to torture. However, the allegations were rarely corroborated by forensic medical evidence. This may be explained by the nonfunctioning system of police investigation and complaint mechanisms. The Special Rapporteur also witnessed a high degree of fear of reprisals expressed by detainees in the hands of the police, sometimes directly, or implied in their behaviour, which, combined with the dysfunctional judicial system, may perpetuate a system of impunity for police violence. 29. The allegations concerned primarily kicks, slaps and punches with feet, hands or sticks. In addition, the Special Rapporteur was also reported several cases, for example in Omonia CID, in which the detainees were blindfolded with a motorcycle helmet and handcuffed before being beaten. In general, the abuses were reported to be more frequent and brutal in CID premises, where the detainees seemed particularly afraid of the officers. Often the victims did not understand the reason for their ill-treatment. However, many alleged to have been abused for complaining about the conditions of detention and for the purpose of extracting a confession. 30. In border-guard stations the Special Rapporteur acknowledges the extremely difficult situation of border guards having to cope with an unprecedented number of arrests of aliens and a serious lack of resources. He recognizes the authorities’ efforts to cope with the crisis situation, in particular in Feres Border Guard Station, where the Chief of Police appeared to be very committed to meet the most basic needs of the detainees. 9