prison staff. At the same time, prison authorities have the responsibility to ensure that the deprivation of liberty is no more restrictive than necessary and does not aggravate the 133 suffering inherent in imprisonment. Too often, security and human rights in prisons are wrongly perceived as conflicting objectives. On the contrary, these are not only compatible but mutually reinforcing. Disproportionate and excessive security and safety measures may result not in more control but, instead, contribute to increased risks of disruption, violence, tension or disorder. Human rights abuses may result in prisoners being less likely to comply with the 134 prison rules and more likely to follow a path of radicalization to violence or terrorism. On the other hand, treating prisoners with dignity and fairness has demonstrable positive effects on order and compliance with detention rules, as prisoners are more likely to 135 acknowledge the legitimacy and authority of prison staff. A dynamic security approach should be promoted (together with physical and procedural security arrangements) to create a positive climate where prison staff are able to foresee 136 potential problems for the safety and security of both prisoners and staff. Dynamic security is based on the importance of developing professional, positive and respectful staff-prisoner relationships. Together with fair treatment and purposeful activities, this will contribute to prisoner reintegration upon release and enable staff to better anticipate 137 problems and security risks. Good relationships between prisoners and prison staff “will serve to lower the tension inherent in any prison environment and by the same token 138 significantly reduce the likelihood of violent incidents and associated ill-treatment.” 2.1 Human rights risk area 1: Classification, risk and needs assessments As outlined in the UN Nelson Mandela Rules, prisoners should be separated based on their legal status (pre-trial from sentenced detainees), gender (men from women) and age (children from adults),139 independently from any risk and needs assessments. Furthermore, the purpose of classification shall be “to separate from others those prisoners who, by reason of their criminal records or characters, are likely to exercise a bad influence;” and “to divide the prisoners into classes in order to facilitate their treatment 133 UN Nelson Mandela Rules, ibid., note 13, Rule 3. 134 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), “Radicalization in Detention – the ICRC’s Perspective”, Geneva, 10 June 2016, p. 2. 135 PRI and the APT “Balancing Security and Dignity in Prisons: A Framework for Preventive Monitoring”, 2013, p. 5. 136 See: UN Nelson Mandela Rules, op. cit., note 13, Rule 76c, Guidance Document on Treatment of Prisoners, pp. 16, 41-42, 48, 61, 78, 82, 112-113; and UNODC, Handbook on Dynamic Security and Prison Intelligence, (Vienna: UNODC, 2015), p. 29. 137 PRI and the APT, “Balancing Security and Dignity in Prisons: A Framework for Preventive Monitoring”, op. cit., note 135, p. 7. 138 European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT), 2nd General Report on the CPT’s activities, 13 April 1992, para. 45. 139 UN Nelson Mandela Rules, op. cit., note 13, Rule 11. 35