Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronyms 6 APT Association for the Prevention of Torture CAT United Nations Committee against Torture CPT European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CSO Civil society organization ECHR Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights) ECtHR European Court of Human Rights EPR European Prison Rules EU European Union ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross NHRIs National human rights institutions NPMs National preventive mechanisms OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe ODIHR OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights OPCAT Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment PRI Penal Reform International RAN European Union Radicalization Awareness Network SPT United Nations Subcommittee on the Prevention of Torture UN United Nations UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime VERLT Violent Extremism and Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism