CAT/C/DEU/CO/6 undocumented migrants are informed of their rights and have access to legal services and representation; (f) Take measures to identify asylum seekers with specific needs, especially victims of torture and ill-treatment, as early as possible, and ensure mandatory medical checks and systematic examination of all asylum seekers, including those making applications under accelerated procedures, for signs of mental illness or trauma by independent and qualified health professionals upon arrival at facilities, with the support, if necessary, of confidential, qualified interpretation. Detention and treatment of asylum seekers and migrants, and acts of racism 27. The Committee is concerned at the State party’s continued practice of detaining asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in closed facilities for prolonged periods of time. In addition, it is seriously concerned that the Orderly Returns Act will lower the threshold for detention, including by authorizing preliminary detention for asylum seekers under the Dublin III Regulation and detention for investigative purposes. 28. The Committee is seriously concerned that asylum seekers are obliged to stay in Anker centres (Zentren für Ankunft, Entscheidung, Rückführung) for up to 18 months. It takes note that asylum seekers are allowed to enter and exit these centres, but remains concerned that, due to the isolated location of many of them and the difficulty in accessing vital medical and social services elsewhere, they are still institutions in which liberty is restricted. The Committee regrets the lack of information on how these centres are inspected and monitored to prevent torture and ill-treatment. 29. The Committee expresses its concern at reports that the conditions for asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in detention and Anker centres fail to meet international standards, including reports of coercive use of force to carry out deportations. It is further concerned that deportations can be carried out without notice, leaving no opportunity for the individuals concerned to pack their belongings. 30. The Committee is gravely concerned by reports of violence against asylum seekers and refugees, as well as their residences. Though the Committee commends the efforts made by the State party in adopting the National Action Plan against Racism – Positions and Measures to Deal with Ideologies of Inequality and Related Discrimination, and takes note of the fact that such attacks have been declining, it remains gravely concerned that violence based on xenophobia, racism, anti-Semitism and islamophobia continues and that specific attacks are being recorded. The Committee regrets the lack of information provided by the State party on the measures taken to protect individuals from violence based on xenophobia, racism, anti-Semitism and islamophobia (arts. 11 and 16). 31. The State party should ensure that: (a) Asylum seekers are only detained as an exceptional measure of last resort for as short a period as possible and in facilities that are appropriate for their status and such detention is carried out in accordance with international human rights standards, including revised deliberation No. 5 of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention on deprivation of liberty of migrants (see A/HRC/39/45, annex); (b) The legal regime of alien detention is suitable for its purpose and is strictly differentiated from the regime of penal detention. In particular, solitary confinement should not be used as a disciplinary measure against detained asylum seekers and undocumented migrants; (c) Asylum seekers and undocumented migrants who are deprived of their liberty have adequate access to an independent and effective mechanism for addressing complaints of torture and ill-treatment; (d) Independent national and international monitoring bodies and nongovernmental organizations regularly monitor all places in which asylum seekers and migrants are deprived of their liberty or their liberty is restricted, including in the Anker centres, and all incidents and allegations of torture and ill-treatment of asylum 6