Chapter 10 The absolute prohibition of torture, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment: evidence collection, interrogation techniques and conditions and circumstances of detention 114 The UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) 115 International framework 115 Soft law framework to combat torture during arrest and in detention 116 Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners 116 Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials 116 Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials 117 Principles of Medical Ethics relevant to the Role of Health Personnel, Particularly Physicians, in the Protection of Prisoners and Detainees against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 117 Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment 118 Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners 119 Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 119 Protection from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment and punishment: how does it work? 120 Factors that may be relevant to identifying whether treatment violates protection from torture, inhuman or degrading treatment and punishment 120 8 Definition of torture 121 Definition of inhuman 122 Definition of degrading 123 Issues arising under protection from torture relevant to counter-terrorism strategies 123 Specific issues relevant to protection from torture and inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 125 Conditions of detention 125 Solitary confinement 125 Secret or incommunicado detention 126 Interrogation 127 Recording of interrogations 130 Reliance on evidence obtained through torture Methods of restraint Corporal punishment Access to a doctor Denial of medical treatment Hunger strikes and forced feeding Forced medical treatment Discrimination Positive obligations Investigations of claims of ill-treatment Retaliation against victims, witnesses and any other person acting on behalf of torture victims Reparation to torture victims Expulsion, deportation, rendering and extradition The principle of non-refoulement Standard of proof required Interim measures 130 131 132 132 133 134 134 135 135 136 137 137 137 138 138 139 Countering Terrorism, Protecting Human Rights