I. Question 1: Respecting the rights of defenders: creating an open space for action Freedom of association 1.1 Are individuals allowed to form and freely join informal groups striving to improve the protection of human rights, or is prior registration required? 1.2 If registration is required, please describe the process below, and describe means by which it has been ensured that such restrictions are proportionate to the aim pursued. 1.3 Where registration has been refused, are the reasons for such refusal provided in writing? Can the refusal be appealed in court? 1.4 Are registered non-governmental organizations required to re-register at certain intervals? 1.5 Are non-governmental organizations required to obtain clearance by an authorized state body for events and/or publications raising human rights issues that the non-governmental organization intends to conduct/publish? Question 2: Freedom of assembly 2.1 Is previous authorization required for peaceful assemblies aimed to raise human rights issues, or is notification sufficient? 2.2 Are spontaneous assemblies for the same purposes allowed to be organised unhindered as long as they remain peaceful? 89