registers in police stations of the time and place of the arrest, or of the identity of the arresting officers, and subsequent transfer of suspects to a police station. changes in the way detentions are being documented. However, in the Rio de Janeiro pre-trial detention system, the state required all detainees to define their gang allegiance and to accept full responsibility for their own security when incarcerated with members of the same gang. Judicial provisional detention orders should never be implemented in police stations. (g) Non-governmental sources: See current situation for (c). No statement or confession, other than one made in the presence of a judge or lawyer should have probative value in court. Urgent consideration should be given to introducing video and audio taping of proceedings in police interrogation rooms. (h) Non-governmental sources: There is no information to suggest that video taping or audio recording of police interrogations are being used. However, the use of confessions given to the police without the presence of a judge continues to have probative value in court. When allegations of torture or ill-treatment are raised by the defendant during trial, the burden of proof should shift to the prosecution that a confession was not obtained by unlawful means. (i) The law states that the burden of proof lies upon whoever has made it. However, the President of the Federal Supreme Court noted that in cases of torture allegations made by a defendant during a trial, the burden of proof is reversed. Complaints of ill-treatment should be expeditiously and diligently investigated. Unless the allegation is manifestly unfounded, those involved should be Torture and similar ill-treatment were meted out on a widespread and systematic basis, at all phases of detention: arrest, preliminary detention, other provisional detention, and in Non-governmental sources: There is no information to suggest that this is being implemented. Allegations of torture are regularly dismissed by authorities at all stages of the criminal justice system. Non-governmental sources: The criminal justice system is still highly flawed, which has facilitated the continued practice of torture and the impunity of those who perpetrate it. Senior Government officials responsible for prison administration affirmed that there are problems with physical abuse and corruption by prison guards. The threat of retaliation for making a complaint against a prison official is so serious that prison A/HRC/13/39/Add.6 16 reasons for arrest, the identity of the arresting officer, the time and reasons for any transfers and the time a person is released or transferred. (f)