National Preventive Mechanism Fifth Annual Report 2013–14 types of detention in the UK were already subject to monitoring by independent bodies, as envisaged by OPCAT, and the different political, legal and administrative systems in place in the four nations that make up the UK. In addition, parallel systems of professional inspection and lay monitoring exist in criminal justice and immigration sectors in all four nations of the UK. In designating existing bodies as members of the NPM, the government explicitly required that they have a statutory basis and be able to make unannounced visits to places of detention. The government concluded that 18 bodies operating in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland met those requirements, and they were formally designated in a statement to Parliament on 31 March 2009. On 3 December 2013, three new members were designated to the NPM, reflecting the merger of bodies monitoring care and social work in Scotland into the Care Inspectorate, the separate membership of Scottish Independent Custody Visitors, and the incorporation of Lay Observers to reflect their OPCAT-compliant role in monitoring court custody and transfers in England and Wales. England and Wales Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons (HMI Prisons) Independent Monitoring Board (IMB) Independent Custody Visiting Association (ICVA) Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) Care Quality Commission (CQC) Healthcare Inspectorate Wales (HIW) Office of the Children’s Commissioner for England (OCC) 10 Care and Social Services Inspectorate Wales (CSSIW) Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (Ofsted) Lay Observers (LO) Scotland Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons for Scotland (HMIPS) Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary for Scotland (HMICS) Scottish Human Rights Commission (SHRC) Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland (MWCS) Care Inspectorate (CI) Independent Custody Visitors Scotland (ICVS) Northern Ireland Independent Monitoring Boards (Northern Ireland) (IMBNI) Criminal Justice Inspection Northern Ireland (CJINI) Regulation and Quality Improvement Authority (RQIA) Northern Ireland Policing Board Independent Custody Visiting Scheme (NIPBICVS) The bodies which make up the UK NPM monitor different types of detention across the jurisdictions, including prisons, police custody, court custody, customs custody facilities, secure accommodation for children, immigration facilities, mental health and military detention, as follows: