The Disappearing Trial Country Trial waiver system? Date of adoption 160 Type of trial waiver system Reason for introduction Cayman Islands Yes Pre-1990 Sentence incentives, charge incentives To avoid re-victimisation, incentivise cooperation, reduce costs, and reduce the number of trials Chile Yes 2000–2009 Sentence incentives To improve efficiency and focus on higher priority cases China Yes 1990–1999 Sentence incentives To reduce caseload faced by courts Colombia Yes 2000–2009 Sentence incentives, To incentivise cooperation and save time cooperation arrangement/ crown witness system Congo DR No - - Costa Rica Yes 1990–1999 Sentence incentives, To reduce costs and reduce the cooperation arrangement/ number of trials crown witness system Croatia Yes 2000–2009 Sentence incentives, To avoid re-victimisation, incentivise cooperation arrangement/ cooperation, provide more moderate means crown witness system of punishment, reduce costs, reduce the number of trials, save time, and shorten procedural deadlines/requirements Czech Republic Yes 2010–2016 Sentence incentives, To provide adequate compensation to victims, cooperation arrangement/ improve efficiency, incentivise cooperation, crown witness system promote restorative justice, provide a more moderate means of punishment, reduce the number of trials, save time, and to simplify/ modernise the criminal justice system Denmark Yes 2000–2009 Cooperation arrangement/ To assist in difficult investigations crown witness system Egypt Yes Pre-1990 Cooperation arrangement/ To incentivise cooperation crown witness system England & Wales Yes Pre-1990 Sentence incentives, charge incentives, fact incentives, cooperation arrangement/crown witness system To avoid re-victimisation, improve efficiency, focus on higher priority cases, provide a more moderate means of punishment, reduce costs and to save resources and time Equatorial Guinea Yes Pre-1990 Sentence incentives, charge incentives To promote efficiency, reduce costs, and save time Estonia Yes 1990–1999 Sentence incentives, To promote efficiency and save time cooperation arrangement/ crown witness system - 160. W  e have used the dates that trial waivers were recognised in legislation or case law, meaning that an informal or unregulated trial waiver system may have existed before the date range identified in the table. 75.