prosecution services via training and awareness raising to promote an interpretation of the definition of trafficking in human beings in line with the evolving international jurisprudence. The OSR/CTHB contributed to capacity building through various trainings for professionals (e.g., border guards, judiciary, law enforcement, military personnel and prosecutors), organized in the participating States. These included a capacity building training in the NATO Partnership for Peace Training Centre on 12-14 February and 7 October in Ankara and the European Union Police Services Training (EUPST) on 9 April in Vicenza. The EUPST training contributed to strengthening the civilian crisis management capacities of the police forces of the participating countries, in particular with a view to the needs of women, children, elderly people, indigenous people, local authorities, refugees and displaced persons and victims of trafficking. Additionally, the Office of the SR contributed to the specialized training courses for FRONTEX on 28-29 January in Warsaw, 7 May in Warsaw and 28-29 May in Espoo. In co-operation with UNODC and IOM, and together with Israel’s Agency for International Development Cooperation (MASHAV) and the Israeli Ministry of Justice, the OSR/CTHB organized an international judicial training seminar on 27-30 October in Haifa. More than 30 high-level criminal court judges from around the globe actively participated in the comprehensive seminar, which culminated in a mock trial where the judges had the opportunity to put into practice the course materials. The OSR/CTHB also conducted a train-the-trainers event for more than 40 lawyers/prosecutors on 30 June to 2 July in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, at the request of the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Tashkent. The three-day programme included all aspects of investigating and prosecuting a THB case, including practical exercises, with a special focus on the non-punishment of victims of trafficking, as well as access to justice and compensation for victims. As a concrete result of the training, the Uzbek bar association has now included a 12-hour curriculum on THB for all qualifying lawyers within their legal training programme. The OSR/CTHB also continued to promote the implementation of the principle of the nonpunishment of victims of THB with judges and prosecutors. On 9-10 October, together with the Council of Europe, the OSR/CTHB convened a workshop for more than 35 judges and prosecutors from the OSCE/Council of Europe regions. The workshop builds on an enhanced platform for co-operation with the Council of Europe, the Framework for Joint Action. For the first time, a sitting judge from the European Court of Human Rights, Judge Päivi Hirvelä of Finland, addressed the issue of the non-punishment of victims in THB cases. Leading prosecutors and practitioners also helped the participants to work through practical exercises to see how the principle works in actual cases. Ways and means to further enhance co-operation between police and social workers was also discussed in the framework of the OSCE FOs Anti-Trafficking Focal Points Meeting of 67 November. The Swedish National Co-ordinator against prostitution and THB, Mr. Patrik Cederlöf, contributed to the meeting. Moreover, the OSR/CTHB has contributed to the IOM-OSCE-UNODC project “Strengthening Understanding of the Link between Irregular Migration and Transnational Crimes Impacting Migrants in Irregular Situation”. The project was aimed at enhancing capacity of migration authorities and criminal justice actors who deal with transnational crimes that effect migrants in irregular situations (migrant smuggling and trafficking in human beings) from countries of origin, transit and destination along the Eastern Mediterranean migration route. Finally, the OSR/CTHB continued to improve external co-operation with important partners in the framework of the Alliance against Trafficking in Persons. The 2014 Alliance against Trafficking in Persons high-level conference focused on ethical principles and considerations 49