A/71/298 complaints of mistreatment must be transmitted without screening to external independent bodies for prompt, impartial, thorough and effective i nvestigation. Even in the absence of complaints, States have a duty to conduct investigations wherever there are reasonable grounds to believe that an act of torture or ill-treatment occurred in any territory under their jurisdiction (see Committee against Torture, general comment No. 3 (2012) on the implementation of article 14 by States parties; and A/68/295). 92. Where investigations confirm allegations of mistreatment, victims must be provided with effective remedies and redress, including fair and adequate compensation, and as full rehabilitation as possible. Those who encourage, instigate, order, tolerate, acquiesce in, consent to or perpetrate such acts of mistreatment must be brought to justice and punished in a manner commensurate with the gravity of crimes (see Human Rights Council resolution 31/31). 93. Law enforcement, intelligence and military officials who have reason to believe that torture or ill-treatment has occurred or is about to occur should report it to their superiors and, where necessary, to other appropriate authorities or organs vested with reviewing or remedial powers, while medical professionals also have an obligation to report and document any signs of mistreatment that they observe (Nelson Mandela Rules, rule 34). 94. The obligation to report mistreatment should be enshrined in national law, with appropriate sanctions for non-reporting and protections for those who report. 22 The duty to report should be extended to violations of other stan dards and safeguards, including the prohibition against compelling detainees to confess, incriminate themselves or testify against others, and subjecting them to coercion, threats or practices impairing their judgment or decision -making capacities (Body of Principles, principle 7). 95. All violations, including of the right to be properly informed of one ’s rights and to legal assistance, must be impartially investigated upon complaint and subject to appropriate sanctions. The protocol should consider prospe ctive remedies and sanctions, such as disciplinary or administrative action and obligation to undertake additional training, for breaches of standards and attendant procedural safeguards designed to prevent the use of coercive interviewing practices. 2. Exclusion of evidence 96. Statements, documentary or other evidence elicited through torture and ill-treatment are inadmissible in any proceedings, except against suspected perpetrators. The exclusionary rule is a non-derogable norm of customary international law. It is fundamental to uphold the prohibition of torture and ill-treatment by providing a disincentive to them. The rule applies to mistreatment of both suspects and third parties, including witnesses, and against evidence obtained in a third State, and regardless of whether the evidence is corroborated or is uniquely decisive for the case. The exclusionary rule applies in full to the collecting, sharing and receiving of any information tainted by mistreatment (see A/HRC/25/60). __________________ 22 16-13568 See the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, art. 8, commentary. 23/25