mobility, they will be dependent on family members or caretakers for their daily needs. They generally have lower levels of digital literacy than younger women. • Ethnic minority and indigenous women. Women from minority groups in the OSCE region are often in especially vulnerable situations, given pre-existing inequalities that limit their access to basic services (e.g., education, health services, water and sanitation facilities associated with substandard housing, and information, if there are educational and/or language barriers) and political influence. The barriers that they face arise from discrimination and marginalization. • Women migrants, refugees and asylum seekers are in vulnerable situations based on their legal status (especially if they are undocumented), language barriers, limited access to information and social services, and dependence on informal work. They are at risk of being detained if quarantines are in place, and detention has its own set of risks for women, as noted below. • Women with disabilities (as well as women with specific health needs). Some groups of women face difficulties accessing information (if it is not communicated appropriately) and basic services (health, education, social services, etc.) in non-emergency circumstances. They may face additional challenges in accessing specialized treatment and therapies in the context of lockdowns and the suspension of “non-essential” services. Women with disabilities, women who are living with HIV and women with substance addictions often face stigmatization and discrimination. • Women in rural areas are often isolated from information, as well as from labour markets and social services, especially if public transport is suspended as part of emergency measures. They tend to depend on agricultural work that cannot be carried out under isolation/quarantine conditions as a sole source of income. • Women living in areas with pre-existing humanitarian emergencies. Conflict, like other emergency situations, increases the burden on women of carrying out day-to-day activities to support their families in conditions in which basic infrastructure may be inadequate or disrupted. Access to information and basic social services is often limited. In addition, in such environments, women and girls face specific risks of violence, and they are also more likely to be displaced along with children. • Women deprived of their liberty. Women who have been deprived of liberty (such as women in prison, juvenile detention centres and reception or transit centres for migrants, refugees or asylum-seekers) are at risk of illness, due to overcrowding and limited access to proper hygiene, as well as of becoming isolated from important resources under lockdown conditions. Furthermore, oversight of the protection of their basic rights may be compromised in emergency or crisis situations. 21