over 29,300 persons in 200 rescue operations and had supported other organizations in the rescue
of more than 41,200 persons.19 Rescued migrants are disembarked in Italy.20
In October 2015, the Security Council authorized Member States to inspect and seize vessels in
the Mediterranean that are suspected of being used for migrant smuggling or human trafficking.21
The authorization was extended for a further year following the adoption of resolution 2312 on 6
October 2016. The Foreign Affairs Council of the European Union decided on 20 June to add
two supporting tasks to the mandate, effectively allowing it to contribute to the capacity building
and training of the Libyan Coast Guard and Navy and the implementation of the United Nations
arms embargo on the high seas off the coast of Libya. Following a request for support from the
Libyan authorities, an initial training course took place in October and November 2016 on board
two naval assets on the high seas for 78 embarked trainees and their mentors. 22 Following a
vetting procedure undertaken by the European Union, participants received training in
seamanship, coast guard skills, and international human rights and refugee law, the latter with
the support of UNHCR.
Operation Sophia forms one element of the migration strategy of the European Union23. The
strategy also includes, inter alia, a partnership framework approach with countries of origin and
transit24; the delivery of capacity-building programmes to the Libyan Government; and support
for the work of United Nations organizations in the region, including IOM and UNHCR, as well
as to other international organizations and non-governmental organizations operating in Libya.
In recent months, some senior government officials in Europe have suggested that refugees and
asylum seekers should be held in camps in Libya or elsewhere in North Africa. In September
2016, the Prime Minister of Hungary was quoted as saying that the European Union should
establish a “giant refugee city” in Libya to process asylum seekers from Africa before they reach
Europe.25 In October, the Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom reportedly said that boats
19
See “EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia starts training of Libyan Navy Coast Guard and Libyan Navy”,
press release, 27 October 2016”, https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/13195/eunavformed-operation-sophia-starts-training-of-libyan-navy-coast-guard-and-libyan-navy_en
20
Rescues are also undertaken by the Italian Coast Guard, non-governmental organizations such as Sea Watch
and MSF, and merchant vessels among others.
21
Security Council resolution 2240, adopted on 9 October 2015, authorized Member States to inspect and seize
vessels suspected of migrant smuggling and trafficking for a period of one year.
22
See “EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia starts training of Libyan Navy Coast Guard and Libyan Navy”,
press release, 27 October 2016”, https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/13195/eunavformed-operation-sophia-starts-training-of-libyan-navy-coast-guard-and-libyan-navy_en
23
See Communication on a European Agenda on Migration, COM(2015) 240 final of 13.05.2015, available at
http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/index_en.htm
24
See Communication on establishing a new Partnership Framework with third countries under the European
Agenda on Migration, COM (2016) 385 final of 07.06.18, available at http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/whatwe-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/proposal-implementationpackage/docs/20160607/communication_external_aspects_eam_towards_new_migration_ompact_en.pdf
25
See “Hungary PM suggests giant migrant city in Libya”, BBC News, 24 September 2016,
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37463386
7
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