THEMATIC REPORT 2017 TORTURE AND MIGRATION 10 percent of the clients (36) noted that they were tortured by occupying forces. Member centres participating in this report observe that occupying armies or guerrilla forces will often use torture to induce fear and submission in the local population. The most frequently cited State-level perpetrators were national-level government officials, with 12 percent of the clients reporting that they were tortured by this perpetrator group. The police, armed forces and prison officials were the next most frequently cited State-level perpetrators, with around 3 percent to 4 percent of clients having noted this group as their perpetrators. The reason national-level government officials rank so highly is because it is often very difficult for victims to identify their perpetrators. In many countries, torture victims are apprehended by State officials in civilian clothes or do not wear visible signs of identification, making it impossible to know for certain which organ of the State they belong to. Many perpetrators in this category are subsequently identified as members of the armed or security forces or as police officers. (See Figure 12) Crushed buses and the debris of war line a street of blown up buildings in Sarajevo. by Northfoto / Shutterstock page 22 10 percent of the clients (36) noted that they were tortured by occupying forces. Occupying armies or guerrilla forces will often use torture to induce fear and submission in the local population.