provided, irrespective of where the torture occurred in order to allow them to become fully integrated and productive members of their communities. In the context of broader policy positions regarding rehabilitation, a number of promising examples were discussed. These included situations where decisions had been taken to allow all persons on the territory to access health services (including rehabilitation services) or where, owing to a particular situation, rehabilitation was provided to a specific victim group. Funding models that supported NGOs and other private sector providers were mentioned, in order to ensure that national health services can cope with existing health priorities while also ensuring sound support for rehabilitation services. The capacity and resource challenges of providing specialist care in a general health care system were also mentioned, and the relevance and importance of the third sector emphasised. A discussion was started on whether torture victims could gain access to other government rehabilitation and support programmes, such as those for victims of domestic violence or trafficking victims; and the advantages and disadvantages of such an approach were addressed. B. Working Group 2: Needs assessments Background – ODIHR/CTI Practical Tool: To ensure that rehabilitation services provided by a state or through state funding meet the needs of torture victims and take into account any existing gaps in service provision, a needs assessment is recommended. A number of states have undertaken national-level assessments of the following: (i) The number of torture victims and their rehabilitation needs, including gender specific rights and needs, and of the consultation process with victims and victims’ organizations; and (ii) Existing rehabilitation services, including the numbers of doctors/psychologists/psychiatrists per capita, the available funding sources and funds available, the geographical spread of services and the in-house capacity of rehabilitation services. Such assessments may help states to identify gaps between the supply of and demand for rehabilitation services, and to consider the most appropriate model of service delivery. The working group discussion on needs assessment discussed the following key questions: Has an assessment or survey been undertaken by the state to determine needs, capacities and constraints? If not, would this be helpful? National-level needs assessment An example of a national commission established in a transitional justice process to identify nationals that were subjected to deprivation of liberty and torture for political reasons and to propose the requirements and models of reparations as well as the following implementation phase was discussed. Furthermore, an example of a large scale health survey conducted in another state was presented. The aim of the survey was to identify the health needs of a changing population of migrants and refugees and to specifically examine torture trauma in order to enable the relevant authorities to better understand its prevalence among different refugee groups. It was pointed out that data collection should cover all geographical regions and levels of public administrations. In this case, the needs assessment was used to develop a national model that contains guidelines regarding mental 12