CHAPTER 14. EXERCISE OBJECTIVE The objective of this chapter is to underline that people's health should not suffer as a direct consequence of being deprived of their liberty. Many prisoners spend the majority of their days in conditions of relatively close confinement, usually indoors. In these circumstances it is essential that they be given an adequate amount of time each day in the open air and be allowed to walk about or to take other exercise. ESSENTIAL PRINCIPLE All prisoners shall have at least one hour's daily exercise in the open air if the weather permits. BASIS IN INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS Article 12, paragraph 1, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights recognizes everyone's right to physical and mental health. Rule 21 of the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners requires: (1) Every prisoner who is not employed in outdoor work shall have at least one hour of suitable exercise in the open air daily if the weather permits. (2) Young prisoners, and others of suitable age and physique, shall receive physical and recreational training during the period of exercise. To this end space, installations and equipment should be provided. IMPLICATIONS Exercise is important for prisoners' physical health and also gives an opportunity for the release of mental tension. In many prison systems, pre-trial prisoners spend most of the time in their cells or dormitories. It is particularly important that they should have as much access to fresh air and exercise as possible. Physical exercise is particularly important for younger prisoners. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS ■ The European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment believes that all prisoners, including those undergoing cellular confinement as punishment, should have at least one hour of exercise outside every day, where there is enough space to exert themselves physically. 78