A/67/44 1 of the Convention. The Committee considers that by naming and defining the offence of torture in accordance with the Convention and distinguishing it from other crimes, States parties would directly advance the Convention’s overarching aim of preventing and punishing torture. Acts of torture (9) The Committee notes with concern the State party’s acknowledgement that abuses, notably acts of torture, have been committed by police officers in Djibouti in the performance of their duties. The Committee is particularly concerned about the fact that there has been no serious investigation of these cases, which has contributed to a situation in which such offences go unpunished (arts. 2 and 12). The Committee invites the State party to take immediate and specific measures to investigate and, when appropriate, to prosecute and punish acts of torture. Moreover, the Committee invites the State party to: ensure that law enforcement personnel do not resort to torture under any circumstances; publicly and unambiguously reaffirm the absolute prohibition of torture; condemn the practice of torture, especially by the police and prison officers; and make it clear that anyone who commits, is complicit in or participates in such acts will be held personally responsible before the law, will be subject to criminal prosecution and will be punished accordingly. Impunity for acts of torture and ill-treatment (10) The Committee takes note of the State party’s recognition that acts of torture have taken place and have neither been investigated nor prosecuted. In particular, it notes the absence of specific information on prosecutions initiated, sentences pronounced or disciplinary sanctions imposed on police or prison officers found guilty of acts of torture or ill-treatment. The Committee also notes the State party’s acknowledgement that the weakness of domestic legislation contributes to impunity (arts. 2, 4, 12, 13 and 16). The State party should ensure that all allegations of torture or ill-treatment are the subject of prompt, impartial, thorough and effective investigations and that the perpetrators are prosecuted and sentenced to penalties commensurate with the grave nature of the acts committed, as required by article 4 of the Convention, without prejudice to appropriate disciplinary sanctions. The State party should also take all appropriate legal measures to fully remedy this impunity. Fundamental legal safeguards (11) The Committee is concerned about the discrepancy between the fundamental legal safeguards offered by the Constitution and the Code of Criminal Procedure on the one hand and the implementation of these guarantees for all detainees from the very outset of their detention on the other. The Committee also remains concerned about reports of lengthy pretrial detention and slow proceedings. The Committee also regrets the absence of information on the fundamental legal safeguards available to persons with mental, intellectual or physical disabilities. In addition, the Committee regrets the absence of a comprehensive juvenile justice system oriented to the education and social integration of children in conflict with the law (art. 2). The State party should take prompt and effective measures to ensure that in practice all detainees are afforded all fundamental legal safeguards from the very outset of their detention. In accordance with international standards, these safeguards should include, in particular, the rights of detainees to: be informed of the reasons for their arrest, including of any charges against them; have prompt access to a lawyer and, when needed, legal aid; undergo an independent medical examination, if possible conducted by a doctor of their choice; notify a relative; be brought promptly before a judge; and have the lawfulness of their detention reviewed by a court. The State party 36 GE.12-44492