II – WAIVER................................................................................................................................ 22 A. THE ISSUE .................................................................................................................................. 22 B. THE ECHR BASELINE .................................................................................................................. 22 C. RELEVANT PROVISIONS OF THE DIRECTIVE .............................................................................. 24 D. 1. 2. USING THE DIRECTIVE IN PRACTICE .......................................................................................... 25 Establishing what actually happened ................................................................................... 26 Challenging the waiver.......................................................................................................... 26 a. b. c. Where to raise the point................................................................................................................. 26 The arguments to make .................................................................................................................. 26 The issue of irrebuttable police records ......................................................................................... 27 III – DEROGATIONS .................................................................................................................... 29 A. THE ISSUE .................................................................................................................................. 29 B. THE ECHR BASELINE .................................................................................................................. 29 1. The core principle and debate .............................................................................................. 29 2. The case of Ibrahim and Others v the United Kingdom ........................................................ 29 C. RELEVANT PROVISIONS OF THE DIRECTIVE .............................................................................. 30 D. USING THE DIRECTIVE IN PRACTICE .......................................................................................... 32 1. The geographical remoteness derogation ............................................................................ 32 a. b. 2. Geographical remoteness: a high threshold ................................................................................... 32 Derogation on timing, not the substantive right ............................................................................ 32 The substantive derogation .................................................................................................. 32 a. b. Identify the permissible ambit of the derogation ........................................................................... 33 Deal with the information obtained within a valid derogation ...................................................... 33 IV – IMPLEMENTATION CHECK-LIST ............................................................................................ 35 A. ABOUT THIS PART ..................................................................................................................... 35 1. The implementation check-list ............................................................................................. 35 2. Who should do what with this check-list .............................................................................. 35 a. b. c. 3. LEAP Members ................................................................................................................................ 35 National authorities ........................................................................................................................ 35 Bar associations and other users .................................................................................................... 35 What LEAP can offer ............................................................................................................. 35 B. IMPLEMENTATION CHECKLIST (1): CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS .................................................. 36 C. IMPLEMENTATION CHECKLIST (2): EAW PROCEEDINGS ........................................................... 45 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................. 47 3